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Chapter 5 : Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making
Authors:
Sherri B. Dennis1,
Janell Kause2,
Mary Losikoff3,
Daniel L. Engeljohn4,
Robert L. Buchanan5
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Affiliations:
1: Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835;
2: United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Room 333 Aerospace Center, Washington, DC 20250-3700;
3: Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835;
4: United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Room 349-E, Washington, DC 20250-3700;
5: Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year:
2008
Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815752
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
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Abstract:
A risk analysis approach emphasizes a shared responsibility for communication about food safety issues by all interested parties including government regulatory officials, industry, consumers, and academics. The three components of risk analysis are risk management, risk assessment, and risk communication. This chapter discusses the use of a risk analysis framework within a food safety context with emphasis on microbiological (biological) hazards, how risk analysis has been implemented in U.S. regulatory agencies and international organizations, and future needs to strengthen the use of risk analysis to help solve food safety issues. Risk analysis requires the interaction of individuals with diverse skills and perspectives, including expertise in communication, coordination, project management, scientific knowledge, and skills in data analysis and modeling. To efficiently allocate resources to address food safety issues, it is vital to establish annual food safety risk management priorities. Risk analysis is emerging as a public health tool that promises to provide a sound scientific basis for developing national and international standards and guidelines for food safety and for supporting risk-based policies and practices to prevent food-borne illness.
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
Key Concept Ranking
- Risk Analysis Framework
- 0.6977733
- Quantitative Risk Assessment
- 0.62195534
- Risk Assessment
- 0.5736757
- Food Safety
- 0.5076253
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
- 0.45395967
- Good Agricultural Practices
- 0.4327173
0.6977733
Figures
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making
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Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05fig01
Figure 1
A risk management framework. Source:
Dennis et al., 2006
.
10.1128/9781555815752/f0149-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815752/f0149-01.gif
Figure 1
A risk management framework. Source: Dennis et al., 2006 .
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05fig02
Figure 2
Conceptualized flow chart detailing the conduct of quantitative microbial risk assessments within the risk analysis framework at FSIS. The process begins with identification and annual prioritization of food safety problems after which risk assessments may be initiated to inform decision making by risk managers. The chart depicts risk assessment (shaded boxes) as part of a larger risk analysis framework. Asterisks (*) indicate those points at which input is solicited from stakeholders and others of the public. Adapted from
USDA/FSIS, 2003b
.
10.1128/9781555815752/f0150-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815752/f0150-01.gif
Figure 2
Conceptualized flow chart detailing the conduct of quantitative microbial risk assessments within the risk analysis framework at FSIS. The process begins with identification and annual prioritization of food safety problems after which risk assessments may be initiated to inform decision making by risk managers. The chart depicts risk assessment (shaded boxes) as part of a larger risk analysis framework. Asterisks (*) indicate those points at which input is solicited from stakeholders and others of the public. Adapted from USDA/FSIS, 2003b .
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05fig03
Figure 3
Baseline and truncated distributions of the frequency of home refrigerator temperatures used in “what if” scenarios for the LMRA (
DHHS/FDA and USDA/FSIS, 2003
).
10.1128/9781555815752/f0158-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815752/f0158-01.gif
Figure 3
Baseline and truncated distributions of the frequency of home refrigerator temperatures used in “what if” scenarios for the LMRA ( DHHS/FDA and USDA/FSIS, 2003 ).
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05fig04
Figure 4
Two-dimensional matrix of food categories based on cluster analysis of predicted per serving and per annum relative rankings from the Listeria monocytogenes Risk Assessment. Source:
DHHS/FDA and USDA/FSIS, 2003
.
10.1128/9781555815752/f0168-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815752/f0168-01.gif
Figure 4
Two-dimensional matrix of food categories based on cluster analysis of predicted per serving and per annum relative rankings from the Listeria monocytogenes Risk Assessment. Source: DHHS/FDA and USDA/FSIS, 2003 .
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
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Tables
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making
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Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05tbl01
Table 1
Risk analysis activities and responsible parties
a
Table 1
Risk analysis activities and responsible parties a
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05tbl02
Table 2
Risk management questions addressed in selected quantitative microbial risk assessments
Table 2
Risk management questions addressed in selected quantitative microbial risk assessments
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05tbl03
Table 3
Examples of risk management decisions
Table 3
Examples of risk management decisions
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5
/content/10.1128/9781555815752.ch05.ch05tbl04
Table 4
Predicted mean annual number of illnesses associated with the consumption of V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters
d
Table 4
Predicted mean annual number of illnesses associated with the consumption of V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters d
Citation:
Dennis S, Kause J, Losikoff M, Engeljohn D, Buchanan R.
2008.
Using Risk Analysis for Microbial Food Safety Regulatory Decision Making,
p 137-175.
In
Schaffner D, Doyle M (ed),
Microbial Risk Analysis of Foods.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815752.ch5