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Chapter 18 : Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults
Authors:
Neil French1,
Sharon Nachman2,
Stephen I. Pelton3
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Affiliations:
1: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and Karonga Prevention Study, Box 46, Chilumba, Malawi;
2: Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Health Science Center at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8111;
3: Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Maxwell Finland Laboratory for Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA 02118
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year:
2008
Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Immunology
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815820
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815820.ch18
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Abstract:
In the developing world, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major contributor to adult pneumococcal disease, while the contributions of diabetes, chronic cardiopulmonary disease, and the other high-risk conditions are unknown but likely to be significant and increasing. The assessment of vaccine efficacy for many of the less frequent immunocompromising conditions in conventional randomized controlled trials with clinical end points is impractical, and thus, immunogenicity studies combined with case control or postmarketing surveillance studies are the most practical way to assess vaccine effectiveness. Several studies evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in HIV-infected infants and older children have been published, including the only clinical efficacy trial of the nine-valent PCV conjugated to CRM, a nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin (PCV9-CRM), in South Africa. Children with sickle-cell diseases (SCD) in the United States and Western Europe are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection. Several investigators have reported failure to elicit protective responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) when administered prior to 2 years after the transplant. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) to up to 10 times that of the age-matched population.
Citation:
French N, Nachman S, Pelton S.
2008.
Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults,
p 261-275.
In
Siber G, Klugman K, Mäkelä P (ed),
Pneumococcal Vaccines.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815820.ch18
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Tables
Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults
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Citation:
French N, Nachman S, Pelton S.
2008.
Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults,
p 261-275.
In
Siber G, Klugman K, Mäkelä P (ed),
Pneumococcal Vaccines.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815820.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555815820.ch18.ch18tab01
Table 1
Conditions that predispose to pneumococcal infection and mechanisms of susceptibility
Table 1
Conditions that predispose to pneumococcal infection and mechanisms of susceptibility
Citation:
French N, Nachman S, Pelton S.
2008.
Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults,
p 261-275.
In
Siber G, Klugman K, Mäkelä P (ed),
Pneumococcal Vaccines.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815820.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555815820.ch18.ch18tab02
Table 2
Summary of immunogenicity studies of PCV in high-risk children
a
Table 2
Summary of immunogenicity studies of PCV in high-risk children a
Citation:
French N, Nachman S, Pelton S.
2008.
Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults,
p 261-275.
In
Siber G, Klugman K, Mäkelä P (ed),
Pneumococcal Vaccines.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815820.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555815820.ch18.ch18tab03
Table 3
Summary of immunogenicity studies of PCV in adult and adolescent immunocompromised groups
Table 3
Summary of immunogenicity studies of PCV in adult and adolescent immunocompromised groups
Citation:
French N, Nachman S, Pelton S.
2008.
Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults,
p 261-275.
In
Siber G, Klugman K, Mäkelä P (ed),
Pneumococcal Vaccines.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815820.ch18