The Genus Edwardsiella

doi:10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

Chapter 17 : The Genus Edwardsiella

Authors: J. Michael Janda¹, Sharon L. Abbott²

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Affiliations: 1: Microbial Diseases Laboratory California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California; 2: Enteric Bacteriology Microbial Diseases Laboratory California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2006

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817541

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

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Abstract:

A large international numerical taxonomy investigation of the family Enterobacteriaceae, identified a second cluster of edwardsiellae that were 95% similar to Edwardsiella tarda but had not been previously recognized. These strains were isolated were referred to in this study as ‘’Edwardsiella spp’’. They differed from typical Edwardsiella tarda in their ability to produce acid from the fermentation of sucrose and salicin. However, given the optimal growth temperature of the species (25°C) and its exclusive association with fish diseases, the identification of isolates as E. ictaluri in this study is highly questionable. Bockemũhl and colleagues noted two age groups (infants and >50-year-old adults) prone to developing protracted courses of severe diarrheal disease caused by E. tarda. All of the older adults in this study had bloody diarrhea with or without mucus, most had fever (70%), and three (42%) were dehydrated in one case, a 10-month-old girl succumbed to a malarial infection 1 month after admission to the hospital. Two fatal adult cases in this study involved a 63-year-old female and a 55-year-old male who presented with bloody diarrhea and dehydration. The major clinical features associated with published cases of E. tarda bacteremia are listed in this chapter. There is good agreement in the literature that all E. tarda strains, regardless of source or site of isolation, are susceptible to all groups of commonly administered antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary infections.

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

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The Genus Edwardsiella

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.fig17-1

Figure 1

Sucrose-positive E. tarda strain on triple sugar iron slant (left). Note the absence of H2S production in the slant and butt. There is a copious amount of gas produced from sucrose fermentation, causing the agar to crack and separate. Same strain inoculated into cysteine-thiosulfate tube (right) showing H2S production.

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Figure 1

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

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Figure 2

Invasion of HEp-2 cells by edwardsiellae. The image is taken from Janda et al. ( 46 ).

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Figure 2

Invasion of HEp-2 cells by edwardsiellae. The image is taken from Janda et al. ( 46 ).

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

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Figure 3

Plasmid carriage in Edwardsiella species. Note the range of high- and low-molecular-weight plasmids in both E. tarda (Et) and E. hoshinae (Eh) and the characteristic two low-molecular-weight plasmids in E. ictaluri (Ei). inv, invasion phenotype.

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10.1128/9781555817541/fig17-3.gif

Figure 3

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

References

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Tables

The Genus Edwardsiella

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-1

Table 1

Current species composition within the genus Edwardsiellaa

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Table 1

Current species composition within the genus Edwardsiellaa

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-2

Table 2

Animal groups found to harbor E. tardaa

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Table 2

Animal groups found to harbor E. tardaa

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-3

Table 3

Anatomic sites of isolation of E. tarda from selected studies

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Table 3

Anatomic sites of isolation of E. tarda from selected studies

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-4

Table 4

Studies of the role of edwardsiellae as causes of gastroenteritis

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Table 4

Studies of the role of edwardsiellae as causes of gastroenteritis

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-5

Table 5

Selected characteristics of patients with Edwardsiella tarda septicemia a

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Table 5

Selected characteristics of patients with Edwardsiella tarda septicemia a

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-6

Table 6

Puncture wounds or penetrating injuries associated with E. tarda infection a

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Table 6

Puncture wounds or penetrating injuries associated with E. tarda infection a

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-7

Table 7

E. tarda and abscesses of the liver a

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Table 7

E. tarda and abscesses of the liver a

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-8

Table 8

Aberrant biochemical properties reported for E. tarda strains

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Table 8

Aberrant biochemical properties reported for E. tarda strains

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-9

Table 9

Biotypes of E. tardaa

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Table 9

Biotypes of E. tardaa

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17

/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap17.tab17-10

Table 10

Possible virulence factors operative in E. tarda infections

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Table 10

Possible virulence factors operative in E. tarda infections

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genus Edwardsiella, p 301-320. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch17