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Chapter 5 : Actinomyces oris Fimbriae: an Adhesive Principle in Bacterial Biofilms and Tissue Tropism
- Type: Chapter
- Authors: Hung Ton-That, Asis Das, Arunima Mishra
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Source: Oral Microbial Communities , pp 63-77
Publication Date :
January 2011
- DOI 10.1128/9781555817107.ch5
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Abstract:
Among Actinomyces spp., Actinomyces oris is the most abundant species in the human oral cavity. This chapter provides an account of the current knowledge of a key adhesive principle, the fimbriae of A. oris, which are considered to be the main players for the cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions involving the early colonizers of dental plaque. The genome sequence of A. oris has led to the identification and characterization of various fimbrial components and the specific enzymes, called sortases, that are responsible for the ordered assembly of fimbrial subunits into covalently cross-linked polymers and subsequent incorporation into the cell wall. The genome sequence also revealed the presence of an unusually large number of putative cell wall-anchored proteins, some of which must serve as additional adhesive principles facilitating the adherence of bridge organisms and late colonizers. Importantly, not only is the S. aureus srtA mutant defective in cell wall anchoring of LPXTG-containing surface proteins but also it is attenuated in animal models of infection. The Actinomyces fimbrial system is a versatile adhesive principle for promoting bacterial coaggregation and host tissue adherence that leads to the development of one of the most complex biofilms, the dental plaque.