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Chapter 7 : RNA Respiratory Viruses

Authors: Michael G. Ison1, Eric S. Rosenberg2
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Affiliations: 1: Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Transplant & Immunocompromised Host Infectious Diseases Service, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; 2: Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Transplant Infectious Diseases and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2009

Category: Clinical Microbiology

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RNA Respiratory Viruses, Page 1 of 2

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Abstract:

RNA respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human rhinovirus (HRV), and coronavirus (CoV), are increasingly being recognized as causing significant morbidity, graft failure, and death among immunocompromised patient populations. Respiratory viral infections are associated with increased risk of death, development of viral pneumonia, and coinfections, particularly bacterial pneumonia and invasive aspergillosis. Respiratory viral infections are associated with both acute and chronic rejection. Antiviral resistance is an emerging issue among immunocompromised patients infected with influenza virus, although resistance testing is not yet widely available outside the research setting. Unlike the case for RSV and influenza virus, no rapid antigen test kits are available for detection of PIV. There are several monoclonal antibody (MAb) systems that allow for identification and differentiation of the different PIV serotypes in primary patient samples and in cell cultures. There are currently five clinically significant human coronaviruses recognized, namely, OC43, 229E, NL63, HKU1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV).

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7

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Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
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RNA Respiratory Viruses
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Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815455.ch07.ch07fig01
Figure 1.
Approach to diagnosis of suspected viral respiratory tract infection.
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10.1128/9781555815455/f0142-01.gif
Image of Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Approach to diagnosis of suspected viral respiratory tract infection.

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
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Tables

RNA Respiratory Viruses
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Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815455.ch07.ch07tab01
Table 1.
Epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy for respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients
Generic image for table
Table 1.

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy for respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815455.ch07.ch07tab02
Table 2.
FDA-approved rapid diagnostic tests for influenza
Generic image for table
Table 2.

FDA-approved rapid diagnostic tests for influenza

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815455.ch07.ch07tab03
Table 3.
FDA approved rapid diagnostic tests for RSV
Generic image for table
Table 3.

FDA approved rapid diagnostic tests for RSV

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815455.ch07.ch07tab04
Table 4.
Sensitivity of R-Mix cell cultures in detecting specific respiratory viruses
Generic image for table
Table 4.

Sensitivity of R-Mix cell cultures in detecting specific respiratory viruses

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815455.ch07.ch07tab05
Table 5.
Detection of respiratory viruses by MAbs versus reverse transcription-PCR
Generic image for table
Table 5.

Detection of respiratory viruses by MAbs versus reverse transcription-PCR

Citation: Ison M, Rosenberg E. 2009. RNA Respiratory Viruses, p 141-160. In Hayden R, Carroll K, Tang Y, Wolk D (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815455.ch7

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