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Chapter 23 : Prebiotics in Human Medicine

Author: Ian Rowland1
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2008

Category: Clinical Microbiology

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Abstract:

The main areas that are reviewed in this chapter include constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), and colorectal cancer. Constipation may also be a side effect of medication intake, in particular, antidepressants, antihistamines, opioids, and diuretics. Diarrhea can be acute (less than 14 days duration and usually caused by enteric infections), persistent (lasting more than 14 days), or chronic (lasting 30 days or more). Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) usually occurs 2 to 8 weeks after treatment with antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Only one study of the effect of prebiotics consumption on prevention of traveler’s diarrhea has been published. In this study, 244 healthy subjects who were traveling to destinations at high or medium risk for traveler’s diarrhea were randomized to groups receiving either fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) (10 g/day) or a placebo orally for 2 weeks prior to and during a 2-week excursion. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common gastrointestinal disorder associated with a wide range of symptoms, including abdominal pain or discomfort, loose or hard stools, bloating, and flatulence. Generally, treatment of IBS is focused on medications rather than nutritional approaches. The decline in immune function is associated mainly with changes in T-cell populations, although other components of the immune system are also affected. Clinical studies of applications of prebiotics in human medicine are limited compared to the numbers of reports regarding probiotics.

Citation: Rowland I. 2008. Prebiotics in Human Medicine, p 299-306. In Versalovic J, Wilson M (ed), Therapeutic Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815462.ch23

Key Concept Ranking

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
0.9014259
Traveler's Diarrhea
0.7828948
Immune Systems
0.61435336
Large Intestine
0.60283804
Small Intestine
0.60283804
Crohn's Disease
0.5232088
Tumor Necrosis Factor
0.50205994
0.9014259
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Tables

Prebiotics in Human Medicine
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Citation: Rowland I. 2008. Prebiotics in Human Medicine, p 299-306. In Versalovic J, Wilson M (ed), Therapeutic Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815462.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555815462.ch23.ch23table01
Table 1
Effect of synbiotic treatment on colon cancer-related biomarkers in polypectomized patients
Generic image for table
Table 1

Effect of synbiotic treatment on colon cancer-related biomarkers in polypectomized patients

Citation: Rowland I. 2008. Prebiotics in Human Medicine, p 299-306. In Versalovic J, Wilson M (ed), Therapeutic Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815462.ch23

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