Epidemiological Methods To Implicate Specific Microorganisms with Long-Term Complications

Kåre Mølbak

doi:10.1128/9781555815486.ch27

Chapter 27 : Epidemiological Methods To Implicate Specific Microorganisms with Long-Term Complications

Author: Kåre Mølbak¹

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Affiliations: 1: Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2009

Category: Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555815486

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555815486.ch27

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Abstract:

This chapter presents the epidemiological methods to implicate microorganisms with long-term complications. It addresses the design of epidemiological studies, the validity of such studies, and the importance of population-and registry-based research. Three types of problems that affect the interpretation of epidemiological studies may be identified. These include selection bias, information bias, and confounding. Population-or community-based studies refer to large population studies in which cohorts are followed over several years. For chronic disease epidemiology, there are many examples of such studies. Examples from industrialized countries include human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV-positive individuals, human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer, Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer, and population-based cohort studies of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal diseases. In the future, infections will be detected or described, and some of these may be linked to complications or sequelae that occur later in life. Epidemiological studies will, along with other lines of rigorous research, continue to be of importance to explore putative associations between infectious exposures and chronic conditions or illnesses.

Citation: Mølbak K. 2009. Epidemiological Methods To Implicate Specific Microorganisms with Long-Term Complications, p 477-486. In Fratamico P, Smith J, Brogden K (ed), Sequelae and Long-Term Consequences of Infectious Diseases. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815486.ch27

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Tables

Epidemiological Methods To Implicate Specific Microorganisms with Long-Term Complications

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/content/10.1128/9781555815486.ch27.ch27tab01

Table 1.

Infectious disease associations with long-term complications

Table 1.

Infectious disease associations with long-term complications

/content/10.1128/9781555815486.ch27.ch27tab02

Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages of the cohort and the case-control studies to implicate specific microorganisms with long-term complications

Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages of the cohort and the case-control studies to implicate specific microorganisms with long-term complications