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Chapter 11 : Growth Polarity
Authors:
Momany Michelle1,
Hernandez-Rodríguez Yainitza2
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Affiliations:
1: Dept. of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602;
2: Dept. of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year:
2009
Category: Clinical Microbiology; Fungi and Fungal Pathogenesis
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815523
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815523.ch11
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Abstract:
Highly polar growth allows Aspergillus fumigatus to explore and invade blood vessels and tissues, resulting in the necrosis characteristic of invasive aspergillosis. A. fumigatus conidia that survive to germinate eventually elaborate hyphae that invade blood vessels and from there disseminate to other sites in the host and continue to extend by polar growth, forming the filamentous, branching network common in histological sections from invasive aspergillosis patients. Most of the more detailed knowledge about polar growth in A. fumigatus has come from in vitro characterization of early development in both A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes polar growth, although the growth is less dramatic than that is seen in filamentous fungi. Unbudded yeast cells expand isotropically, switching to polar growth with bud emergence. A recent review of polar growth in filamentous fungi highlighted several of the unique features, most notably a role for microtubules in polar growth of filamentous fungi and the importance of the Spitzenkorpefer, a collection of vesicles at the tip that appears to be analogous to the polarisome. In most cases the deletion of polarity-related cell wall genes leads to early polarization as measured by germ tube emergence. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying polar growth of A. fumigatus in vitro and in vivo might allow the contributions of polarity and of robust growth to the organism's pathogenesis to be separated.
Citation:
Michelle M, Yainitza H.
2009.
Growth Polarity,
p 143-148.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch11
Figures
Growth Polarity
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Citation:
Michelle M, Yainitza H.
2009.
Growth Polarity,
p 143-148.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch11.ch11fig01
Figure 1.
A. fumigatus conidia were inoculated into complete medium and incubated at 37°C. Samples were fixed at the time points indicated. Arrowheads indicate septa. Asterisks indicate branches. Bars, 10 μm. (Images courtesy of Andrew Breakspear.)
10.1128/9781555815523/f0144-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815523/f0144-01.gif
Figure 1.
A. fumigatus conidia were inoculated into complete medium and incubated at 37°C. Samples were fixed at the time points indicated. Arrowheads indicate septa. Asterisks indicate branches. Bars, 10 μm. (Images courtesy of Andrew Breakspear.)
Citation:
Michelle M, Yainitza H.
2009.
Growth Polarity,
p 143-148.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch11.ch11fig02
Figure 2.
Diagrammatic representation of A. fumigatus growth stages. See text for details.
10.1128/9781555815523/f0144-02_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815523/f0144-02.gif
Figure 2.
Diagrammatic representation of A. fumigatus growth stages. See text for details.
Citation:
Michelle M, Yainitza H.
2009.
Growth Polarity,
p 143-148.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch11
References
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Tables
Growth Polarity
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Citation:
Michelle M, Yainitza H.
2009.
Growth Polarity,
p 143-148.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch11.ch11tab01
Table 1.
Polarity-related genes in A. fumigatus
a
Table 1.
Polarity-related genes in A. fumigatus a
Citation:
Michelle M, Yainitza H.
2009.
Growth Polarity,
p 143-148.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch11