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Chapter 23 : Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Authors: Aimee K. Zaas1, Barbara D. Alexander2
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Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3355, Durham, NC 27710; 2: Dept. of Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Dept. of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3035, Durham, NC 27710
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2009

Category: Clinical Microbiology; Fungi and Fungal Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

This chapter provides a review of the spectrum of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), including its epidemiology, clinical and radiographic presentation, outcomes, and unique situations related to IPA. Over 200 species of are known, although only a few have been reported as pathogenic to humans. The more commonly reported human pathogens include , , , and . Of these, is the most common species to cause invasive disease. Persons at highest risk of development of disease include those with hematologic malignancies, recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; more so with allogeneic than autologous), and recipients of solid organ transplants (SOT). Pleuritic chest pain and hemoptysis may be present, as can altered mental status and respiratory failure. The availability of molecular markers of aspergillosis (galactomannan) allowed investigators to follow a group of 19 patients with IA during the time of neutrophil recovery. The majority of patients survived without any changes in antifungal therapy, and in the three deaths, autopsy revealed no evidence of IPA. Important issues that remain to be addressed include elucidation of the optimal monitoring strategy (diagnostic test of choice, frequency, specimen tested), the role of combination antifungal therapy in the treatment of the disease, and the role of novel adjunctive therapies in disease management. Risk groups are expanding beyond the traditional groups of hematologic malignancy patients and HSCT recipients to include rheumatologic patients on chronic corticosteroid therapy and patients with a prolonged intensive care unit admission.

Citation: Zaas A, Alexander B. 2009. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, p 293-299. In Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed), and Aspergillosis. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch23
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References

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Tables

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
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Citation: Zaas A, Alexander B. 2009. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, p 293-299. In Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed), and Aspergillosis. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch23.ch23tab01
Table 1.
Risk factors for IPA
Generic image for table
Table 1.

Risk factors for IPA

Citation: Zaas A, Alexander B. 2009. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, p 293-299. In Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed), and Aspergillosis. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch23.ch23tab02
Table 2.
Major antifungal trials for treatment of IA (includes disseminated disease)
Generic image for table
Table 2.

Major antifungal trials for treatment of IA (includes disseminated disease)

Citation: Zaas A, Alexander B. 2009. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, p 293-299. In Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed), and Aspergillosis. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch23

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