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Chapter 28 : Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis
Author:
Paul E. Verweij1
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Affiliations:
1: Dept. of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center St. Radboud, and Nijmegen University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year:
2009
Category: Clinical Microbiology; Fungi and Fungal Pathogenesis
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815523
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
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Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis, Page 1 of 2
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Abstract:
The detection of circulating fungal antigens, such as galactomannan, might help in early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. As with galactomannan detection in serum, treatment of patients with mold-active antifungal agents decreases the performance of galactomannan detection in bronchoalveolar lavage . In one study galactomannan could not be detected in patients with invasive aspergillosis after 3 days of therapy. In other patient groups, such as solid organ transplant recipients, the detection of anti-Aspergillus antibodies might be useful for the diagnosis and management of invasive aspergillosis. An alternative approach could be to combine the detection of antigen and antibody for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. An autopsy-controlled, nonrandomized pilot study evaluated the feasibility of combining the detection of circulating galactomannan and high-resolution CT for the management of invasive aspergillosis. Interestingly, the costs per patient in the preemptive group and the empiric group were not significantly different, which suggests that the costs saved in withholding antifungal therapy are similar to the increased costs of diagnostic tests and procedures in the preemptive group. Based on this study there appears to be no benefit of either strategy, although further studies are required to confirm this finding. In the past decades more insight has been obtained with respect to the performance of the galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in different clinical specimens and in expanding patient populations. New assays have become available that could be combined with galactomannan detection, and the detection of anti-Aspergillus antibodies might become more important in the management of high-risk patients.
Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
Figures
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis
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Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch28.ch28fig01
Figure 1.
Distribution of galactomannan index in 3,691 serum samples from control samples from patients with hematological malignancy (Maertens et al., 2007).
10.1128/9781555815523/f0364-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815523/f0364-01.gif
Figure 1.
Distribution of galactomannan index in 3,691 serum samples from control samples from patients with hematological malignancy (Maertens et al., 2007).
Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch28.ch28fig02
Figure 2.
Levels of β-glucan and galactomannan in consecutive plasma samples obtained from a patient with proven invasive aspergillosis due to A. fumigatus. β-Glucan was detected first, 9 days before the galactomannan test became positive.
10.1128/9781555815523/f0370-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815523/f0370-01.gif
Figure 2.
Levels of β-glucan and galactomannan in consecutive plasma samples obtained from a patient with proven invasive aspergillosis due to A. fumigatus. β-Glucan was detected first, 9 days before the galactomannan test became positive.
Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
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Tables
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis
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Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch28.ch28tab01
Table 1.
Phases in the development of invasive aspergillosis and diagnostic tools that might be used in each phase
Table 1.
Phases in the development of invasive aspergillosis and diagnostic tools that might be used in each phase
Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28
/content/10.1128/9781555815523.ch28.ch28tab02
Table 2.
Comparison of empiric and preemptive treatment strategies
a
Table 2.
Comparison of empiric and preemptive treatment strategies a
Citation:
Verweij P.
2009.
Galactomannan and Anti-Aspergillus Antibody Detection for the Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis,
p 363-372.
In
Latgé J, Steinbach W (ed),
Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillosis.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815523.ch28