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Chapter 11 : Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production

Authors: Marco A. Báez-Vásquez1, Arkady P. Sinitsyn2
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Affiliations: 1: 396 Mallard Point, Jupiter, FL 33458-8353; 2: Department of Chemical Enzymology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119899
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2008

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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Abstract:

The major portion of total secreted protein is represented by cellulases and xylanases. In general, cellulases and xylanases of have a great potential for degradation of lignocellulosic materials. The strategy for isolation of individual cellulases has been described in this chapter and is based on the sequential use of different purification techniques, such as anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, and gel filtration. The cellulase system of consists of several endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and β-glucosidase. Cellobiohydrolases are the key components of multienzymatic cellulose complexes which are responsible for conversion of cellulose to soluble sugars. Xylanases are known for the production of fermentable monomeric xylose for production of biofuel and xylooligosaccharides for nutraceutical applications. Xylanases increase the digestibility of feed by lowering viscosity in the intestinal tract and decreasing absorption and water-holding capacity of feeds with significant content of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) by destruction of arabinoxylan. The ability of xylanases to efficiently decrease the viscosity of arabinoxylan makes them potential candidates to degrade NSPs and to be used as feed additives, and also to depolymerize pre-treated biomass in the production of cellulosic ethanol. All xylanases produce xylose, xylobiose (major product), and xylotriose as final products of arabinoxylan degradation. Filamentous fungal cell factories are the best hyperproducers of a complex array of glycosyl hydrolases such as cellulases, hemicellulases, and accessory enzymes.

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
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Tables

Chrysosporium lucknowense Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production
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Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815547.ch11.ch11tab01
Table 1.
Biochemical characteristics of cellulases from
Generic image for table
Table 1.

Biochemical characteristics of cellulases from

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815547.ch11.ch11tab02
Table 2.
Properties of cellulases from
Generic image for table
Table 2.

Properties of cellulases from

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815547.ch11.ch11tab03
Table 3.
Results of Avicel hydrolysis by individual cellobiohydrolases from two fungal sources
Generic image for table
Table 3.

Results of Avicel hydrolysis by individual cellobiohydrolases from two fungal sources

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815547.ch11.ch11tab04
Table 4.
Synergism between cellulases in hydrolysis of dewaxed cotton cellulose
Generic image for table
Table 4.

Synergism between cellulases in hydrolysis of dewaxed cotton cellulose

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815547.ch11.ch11tab05
Table 5.
Biochemical characteristics of xylanases from
Generic image for table
Table 5.

Biochemical characteristics of xylanases from

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555815547.ch11.ch11tab06
Table 6.
Properties of xylanases from
Generic image for table
Table 6.

Properties of xylanases from

Citation: Báez-Vásquez M, Sinitsyn A. 2008. Cellulases and Xylanases in Cellulosic Biofuels Production, p 139-145. In Wall J, Harwood C, Demain A (ed), Bioenergy. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815547.ch11

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