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Chapter 31 : Natural Competence and Transformation in

Authors: Rebecca S. Wiesner1, Victor J. Dirita2
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology and Immunology & Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, 5641 Medical Sciences II, Ann Arbor, MI 48103; 2: Department of Microbiology and Immunology & Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, 5641 Medical Sciences II, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2008

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

Over 40 naturally competent bacterial species are known, and that number continues to grow. Almost all competent bacteria studied to date use components of the type II secretion/type IV pilus biogenesis family of proteins for transformation, with slight differences between the transformation machinery in each system. The two known exceptions are , which requires components of a type IV secretion/conjugation system for transformation, and , in which some strains use both type II-like and type IV-like secretion systems. Three different mechanisms may contribute to generating genetic diversity. The first is local sequence change such as nucleotide substitutions or small insertions or deletions of one or a few nucleotides. Another mechanism is DNA rearrangement, where related sequences in the genome undergo recombination to create novel fusion genes, and duplicate or delete DNA segments. Finally, diversity can be generated by horizontal acquisition of DNA through mechanisms such as natural transformation, conjugation, and transduction. Given the natural competence of most species, antibiotic resistance is probably spread in part through transformation. Several species of are naturally competent for transformation, including and . The candidate gene approach identified recombinase RecA as having a function in transformation. recA mutants were unable to be transformed to streptomycin resistance in three strains tested, 81-176, VC83, and 81-116. Modification of proteins by addition of an -linked glycan is due to the activity of a number of genes found in the locus.

Citation: Wiesner R, Dirita V. 2008. Natural Competence and Transformation in , p 559-570. In Nachamkin I, Szymanski C, Blaser M (ed), , Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815554.ch31
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Natural Competence and Transformation in Campylobacter
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Citation: Wiesner R, Dirita V. 2008. Natural Competence and Transformation in , p 559-570. In Nachamkin I, Szymanski C, Blaser M (ed), , Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815554.ch31
/content/10.1128/9781555815554.ch31.ch31fig01
Figure 1.
Conserved locus encoding type II secretion system genes from several strains of . See text for details.
10.1128/9781555815554/f0564-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815554/f0564-01.gif
Image of Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Conserved locus encoding type II secretion system genes from several strains of . See text for details.

Citation: Wiesner R, Dirita V. 2008. Natural Competence and Transformation in , p 559-570. In Nachamkin I, Szymanski C, Blaser M (ed), , Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815554.ch31
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Tables

Natural Competence and Transformation in Campylobacter
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Citation: Wiesner R, Dirita V. 2008. Natural Competence and Transformation in , p 559-570. In Nachamkin I, Szymanski C, Blaser M (ed), , Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815554.ch31
/content/10.1128/9781555815554.ch31.ch31tab01
Table 1.
Conserved proteins associated with transformation in naturally competent bacteria
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Table 1.

Conserved proteins associated with transformation in naturally competent bacteria

Citation: Wiesner R, Dirita V. 2008. Natural Competence and Transformation in , p 559-570. In Nachamkin I, Szymanski C, Blaser M (ed), , Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815554.ch31

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