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Chapter 9 : LuxR-Type Proteins in Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications

Authors: Martin Schuster1, E. P. Greenberg2
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; 2: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2008

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology; Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

The opportunistic pathogen provides one of the most intensely studied examples of acylhomoserine lactone (acyl-HSL)-controlled gene expression. In , quorum-sensing gene regulation is accomplished by two complete acyl-HSL systems, LasR-LasI and RhlR-RhlI, and by an orphan receptor, QscR. One microarray study provided additional insights into the signal requirements for the activation of individual quorum-controlled genes. LuxR-type polypeptides can be subdivided into two functional domains based on sequence conservation, genetic and biochemical analysis of representative members, and the crystal structure of TraR from . LuxR-type proteins also contain a helix-turn-helix motif (HTH) in their carboxy-terminal domain that is required for DNA binding. Based on the recent biochemical characterization of other LuxR-type proteins, general patterns of acyl-HSL/receptor interaction emerge that allow us to distinguish three separate classes. The three receptors LasR, RhlR, and QscR each represent one such class: LasR is a class 1 receptor. In contrast, if LuxR-type proteins such as LasR and QscR require their ligand for proper folding, they should induce transcription of target genes relatively slowly because protein activation through translation would be slow. Once a quorum is reached, a change in the gene expression profile is triggered that leads to the formation of a mature biofilm, reminiscent of a developmental program in more complex systems.

Citation: Schuster M, Greenberg E. 2008. LuxR-Type Proteins in Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications, p 133-144. In Winans S, Bassler B (ed), Chemical Communication among Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815578.ch9
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LuxR-Type Proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications
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Citation: Schuster M, Greenberg E. 2008. LuxR-Type Proteins in Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications, p 133-144. In Winans S, Bassler B (ed), Chemical Communication among Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815578.ch9
/content/10.1128/9781555815578.ch09.ch09fig01
FIGURE 1
Structure and function of LuxR-type transcription factors. (A) Key regions based on sequence conservation, biochemical analysis of LuxR, TraR and other family members, and the recent TraR crystal structure. The indicated multimerization region has been genetically defined as being required for LuxR multimerization. Several details mentioned in the text are not included in this cartoon. (B) A 3-oxo-C-HSL molecule showing the specific TraR residues that are thought to coordinate each position of this acyl-HSL (Tyr61 interacts along the acyl chain). (C) The palindromic box (the DNA-binding site for TraR) is shown with the two residues (Arg206 and Arg210) that make specific base contacts with this site. Symmetrical contacts are made with the DNA sequence in each half-site.
10.1128/9781555815578/f0137-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815578/f0137-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Structure and function of LuxR-type transcription factors. (A) Key regions based on sequence conservation, biochemical analysis of LuxR, TraR and other family members, and the recent TraR crystal structure. The indicated multimerization region has been genetically defined as being required for LuxR multimerization. Several details mentioned in the text are not included in this cartoon. (B) A 3-oxo-C-HSL molecule showing the specific TraR residues that are thought to coordinate each position of this acyl-HSL (Tyr61 interacts along the acyl chain). (C) The palindromic box (the DNA-binding site for TraR) is shown with the two residues (Arg206 and Arg210) that make specific base contacts with this site. Symmetrical contacts are made with the DNA sequence in each half-site.

Citation: Schuster M, Greenberg E. 2008. LuxR-Type Proteins in Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications, p 133-144. In Winans S, Bassler B (ed), Chemical Communication among Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815578.ch9
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Tables

LuxR-Type Proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications
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Citation: Schuster M, Greenberg E. 2008. LuxR-Type Proteins in Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications, p 133-144. In Winans S, Bassler B (ed), Chemical Communication among Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815578.ch9
/content/10.1128/9781555815578.ch09.ch09tab01
TABLE 1
Characteristics of acyl-HSL/LuxR-type receptor interaction
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Characteristics of acyl-HSL/LuxR-type receptor interaction

Citation: Schuster M, Greenberg E. 2008. LuxR-Type Proteins in Quorum Sensing: Distinct Mechanisms with Global Implications, p 133-144. In Winans S, Bassler B (ed), Chemical Communication among Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815578.ch9

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