Distribution of Legionella pneumophila Genotypes in Patients and Environmental Sources

Ed P. F. Yzerman; Jacob P. Bruin; Jeroen W. den Boer; Linda P. Verhoef; Kim W. van der Zwaluw

doi:10.1128/9781555815660.ch36

Chapter 36 : Distribution of Legionella pneumophila Genotypes in Patients and Environmental Sources

Authors: Ed P. F. Yzerman¹, Jacob P. Bruin², Jeroen W. den Boer³, Linda P. Verhoef⁴, Kim W. van der Zwaluw⁵

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Affiliations: 1: Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Boerhaavelaan 26, 2035 RC Haarlem, The Netherlands; 2: Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Boerhaavelaan 26, 2035 RC Haarlem, The Netherlands; 3: Municipal Health Service Kennemerland, Westergracht 72, 2014 XA Haarlem, The Netherlands; 4: Municipal Health Service Kennemerland, Westergracht 72, 2014 XA Haarlem, The Netherlands; 5: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, POB 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2006

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555815660

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555815660.ch36

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Abstract:

Legionellae are part of the microbial community of aquatic ecosystems, natural as well as man-made, which explains why legionellosis occurs worldwide. In many countries Legionnaires’ disease is a notifiable disease. This chapter presents the preliminary results of the distribution of Legionella genotypes cultured from patients and environmental sources. Between August 2002 and September 2005, sero- and genotyping of 130 patient isolates and 220 environmental isolates showed that 98% of the patient strains were from the Legionella pneumophila genus. The genotypes 004 Lyon and 010 London, responsible for almost one-third of all Legionnaires’ disease patients in the authors' study period in The Netherlands, were not found in the environmental samples collected from the potential sources that resulted from the structured interviews according to the questionnaires. The preliminary results of the study indicate that systematic collection and sampling gives insight to the distribution of the L. pneumophila genus and to serotypes and genotypes in humans and in the environment. Based on the findings, actions in The Netherlands should be more aggressive for the European Working Group for Legionella Infections (EWGLI) genotypes 004 Lyon and 010 London. Legionellae are capable of infecting humans by aerosol inhalation or by drinking and subsequent aspiration of water.

Citation: Yzerman E, P. Bruin J, W. den Boer J, P. Verhoef L, W. van der Zwaluw K. 2006. Distribution of Legionella pneumophila Genotypes in Patients and Environmental Sources, p 135-138. In Cianciotto N, Kwaik Y, Edelstein P, Fields B, Geary D, Harrison T, Joseph C, Ratcliff R, Stout J, Swanson M (ed), Legionella. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815660.ch36

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Distribution of Legionella pneumophila Genotypes in Patients and Environmental Sources

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/content/10.1128/9781555815660.ch36.ch36fig01

FIGURE 1

Distribution of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients and the environment in EWGLI genotypes (%). 1, 001 Lugano; 2, 001 Lugano/028 Rome; 3, 003 Glasgow; 4, 004 Lyon; 5, 005 Rome; 6, 006 Copenhagen; 7, 008 Stockholm; 8, 009 London; 9, 010 London; 10, 015 Dresden; 11, 017 Lugano; 12, 013 London/030 Stockholm; 13, 020 Rome; 14, 028 Rome; 15, 029 London; 16, not yet designated.

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FIGURE 1

References

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1. Anonymous. 2002. European Working Group for Legionella Infections. Part 2. Definitions and Procedures for Reporting and Responding to Cases of Travel Associated Legionnaires’ Disease, p. 15– 20. In European Guidelines for Control and Prevention of Travel Associated Legionnaires’ Disease. PHLS, London and http://www.ewgli.org.

2. Bohte, R.,, R. van Furth, and, P. J. van den Broek. 1995. Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study among adults requiring admission to hospital. Thorax 50: 543– 547.

3. Den Boer, J. W.,, I. H. Friesema, and, J. D. Hooi. 2002. Reported cases of Legionella pneumonia in the Netherlands, 1987-2000. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 146: 315– 320.

4. Fry, N. K.,, J. M. Bangsborg,, A. Bergmans,, S. Bernander,, J. Etienne,, L. Franzin,, V. Gaia,, P. Hasenberger,, B. Baladron Jimenez,, D. Jonas,, D. Lindsay,, S. Mentula,, A. Papoutsi,, M. Struelens,, S. A. Uldum,, P. Visca,, W. Wannet, and, T. G. Harrison. 2002. Designation of the European Working Group on Legionella Infection (EWGLI) amplified fragment length polymorphism types of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and results of intercentre proficiency testing using a standard protocol. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 21: 722– 728.

5. Marston, B. J.,, H. B. Lipman, and, R. F. Breiman. 1994. Surveillance for Legionnaires’ disease. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Arch. Intern. Med. 154: 2417– 2422.

6. Vegelin, A.L.,, P. Bissumbhar,, J. C. Joore,, J. W. Lammers, and, I. M. Hoepelman. 1999. Guidelines for severe community-acquired pneumonia in the western world. Neth. J. Med. 55: 110– 117.

Tables

Distribution of Legionella pneumophila Genotypes in Patients and Environmental Sources

/content/10.1128/9781555815660.ch36.ch36tab01

TABLE 1

Distribution of L. pneumophila strains from patients and the environment in serogroups (sg)

TABLE 1

Distribution of L. pneumophila strains from patients and the environment in serogroups (sg)

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