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Chapter 39 : Legionnaires’ Disease Associated with Death after Near Drowning in Lake Water

Authors: Jaana Kusnetsov1, Satu Pastila2, Silja Mentula3, Diane S. J. Lindsay4
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Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland; 2: Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Hämeenlinna, Finland; 3: Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, FI-00300 Helsinki, Finland; 4: Scottish Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Balornock Road, GB-G213UW Glasgow, Scotland, UK
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2006

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

Direct aspiration of water during submersion has caused Legionnaires’ disease (LD) cases. This chapter presents one such case caused by with a novel source of infection. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy was given once LD was identified, in addition to the antibiotics targeted against other pathogens. The patient suffered from bilateral lung infiltrates, pleural effusion, and cavitation of lung parenchyma, all symptoms of LD. The patient had LD and and fungal infections. The pulmonary damage led to multiorgan failure, and the secondary or co-infections contributed to his death. LD cases have also occurred in neonates after water births. Immersion in river water has resulted in at least two reported LD cases caused by sg 10 and sg 13.

Citation: Kusnetsov J, Pastila S, Mentula S, S. J. Lindsay D. 2006. Legionnaires’ Disease Associated with Death after Near Drowning in Lake Water, p 146-148. In Cianciotto N, Kwaik Y, Edelstein P, Fields B, Geary D, Harrison T, Joseph C, Ratcliff R, Stout J, Swanson M (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815660.ch39
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References

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1. Bozeman, F. M.,, J. W. Humphries, and, J. M. Campbell. 1968. A new group of Rickettsia-like agents recovered from guinea pigs. Acta Virol. 12: 87– 93.
2. Brenner, D. J.,, A. G. Steigerwalt,, G. W. Gorman,, R. E. Weaver,, J. C. Feeley,, L. G. Cordes,, H. W. Wilkinson,, C. Patton,, B. M. Thomason, and, C. R. Lewallen Sasseville. 1980. Legionella bozemanii sp. nov. and Legionella dumoffii sp. nov.: classification of two additional species of Legionella associated with human pneumonia. Curr. Microbiol. 4: 111– 116.
3. Cordes, L. G.,, H. W. Wilkinson,, G. W. Gorman,, B. J. Fikes, and, D.W. Fraser. 1979. Atypical Legionella-like organisms: fastidious water associated bacteria pathogenic for man. Lancet i: 927– 930.
4. Faris, B.,, C. Faris,, M. Schousboe, and, C. H. Heath. 2005. Legionellosis from Legionella pneumophila serogroup 13. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 1405– 1409.
5. Farrant, J. M.,, A. E. Drury, and, R. P. Thompson. 1988. Legionnaires’ disease following im-merson in a river. Lancet i: 460.
6. Fliermans, C. B.,, W. B. Cherry,, L. H. Orrison,, S. J. Smith,, D. L. Tison, and, D. H. Pope. 1981. Ecological distribution of Legionella pneumophila. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 41: 9– 16.
7. Franzin, L.,, C. Scolfaro,, D. Cabodi,, M. Valera, and, P. A. Tovo. 2001. Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in a newborn after water birth: a new mode of transmission. Clin. Infect. Dis. 33: e103– e104.
8. Lindsay, D. S.,, W. Abraham,, G. Edwards, and, R.W. Girdwood. 2002. Detection of Legionella-specific DNA in serum, p. 216– 220. In R. Marre,, Y. Abu Kwaik,, C. Bartlett,, N. P. Cianciotto,, B. S. Fields,, M. Frosch,, J. Hacker, and P. C. Lück (ed.). Legionella. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.
9. Nagai, T.,, H. Sobajima,, M. Iwasa,, T. Tsuzuki,, F. Kura,, J. Amemura-Maekawa, and, H. Watanabe. 2003. Neonatal sudden death due to Legionella pneumonia associated with water birth in a domestic spa bath. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 2227– 2229.
10. Yabuuchi, E.,, H. Miyamoto,, S. Yoshida,, R. Shiota, and, K. Yamamoto. 1996. Determination of hot spring spa water as the source of infection in a case of acute pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3, p. 99– 101. In B. Berdal (ed.). Legionella Infections and Atypical Pneumonias. Proceedings of the 11th Meeting of the European Working Group on Legionella Infections. The Norwegian Defence Microbiological Laboratory, Oslo.

Tables

Legionnaires’ Disease Associated with Death after Near Drowning in Lake Water
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Citation: Kusnetsov J, Pastila S, Mentula S, S. J. Lindsay D. 2006. Legionnaires’ Disease Associated with Death after Near Drowning in Lake Water, p 146-148. In Cianciotto N, Kwaik Y, Edelstein P, Fields B, Geary D, Harrison T, Joseph C, Ratcliff R, Stout J, Swanson M (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815660.ch39
/content/10.1128/9781555815660.ch39.ch39tab01
TABLE 1
General vital functions of patient immediately after the near-drowning incident
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

General vital functions of patient immediately after the near-drowning incident

Citation: Kusnetsov J, Pastila S, Mentula S, S. J. Lindsay D. 2006. Legionnaires’ Disease Associated with Death after Near Drowning in Lake Water, p 146-148. In Cianciotto N, Kwaik Y, Edelstein P, Fields B, Geary D, Harrison T, Joseph C, Ratcliff R, Stout J, Swanson M (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815660.ch39

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