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Chapter 12 : Aquatic Environment

Authors: Hidetoshi Urakawa1, Irma Nelly G. Rivera2
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Affiliations: 1: Center for Advanced Marine Research, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan; 2: Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2006

Category: Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

This chapter discusses the nature of vibrios--their habitats, ecology, physiological traits, and Evolution. The major components of the isolates identified as gram-negative facultative anaerobes were species. species are distributed widely and often predominate in the aquatic environment. Rapid die-off occurred after 5 h of incubation, which suggested intraspecific competitions among the microbial populations in the nonsterile sediment environment. This result indicates that the sediment environment is more competitive for species to compete with other microorganisms than other habitats in the aquatic environment. Free-living heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) are major and ubiquitous bacterial grazers in various aquatic environments. species may use marine animals as their vehicle for survival, where they may escape the grazing pressure of protozoans. The first step of chitin degradation is primarily carried out by microorganisms, and this trait is widespread among many taxonomic groups of prokaryotes. Phenanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), is present in coal tar and petroleum and is a by-product of petroleum refining. Yet it is relevant to note that a marine sp. may well be able to degrade PAH. In general, the availability of environmental parameters, such as water temperature, nutrient, and chlorophyll concentrations, is limited, although the use of these data is straightforward in the monitoring of pathogens in aquatic environments. By remote sensing, the sea surface temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll, and sea surface height can be monitored; it has been possible to determine which environmental parameters are strongly linked with epidemics.

Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12
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Aquatic Environment
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Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12
/content/10.1128/9781555815714.ch12.ch12fig01
FIGURE 1
Specific distribution of representatives in aquatic environments.
10.1128/9781555815714/f0176-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815714/f0176-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Specific distribution of representatives in aquatic environments.

Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12
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FIGURE 2
Possible ecological interaction between zooplankton and vibrios in the marine environment.
10.1128/9781555815714/f0178-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815714/f0178-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Possible ecological interaction between zooplankton and vibrios in the marine environment.

Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12
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Tables

Aquatic Environment
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Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12
/content/10.1128/9781555815714.ch12.ch12tab01
TABLE 1
Abundance of spp. in water and sediment
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Abundance of spp. in water and sediment

Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12
/content/10.1128/9781555815714.ch12.ch12tab02
TABLE 2
Psychrophilic vibrios
Generic image for table
TABLE 2

Psychrophilic vibrios

Citation: Urakawa H, Rivera I. 2006. Aquatic Environment, p 175-189. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch12

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