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Chapter 14 : The – Light Organ Symbiosis

Author: Eric V. Stabb1
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, 828 Biological Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2006

Category: Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

The light organ symbiosis between the bioluminescent bacterium and the Hawaiian bobtail squid has received increasing interest from researchers representing a range of disciplines, including microbiology, zoology, oceanography, immunology, and genetics. An improved understanding of the factors underlying the natural symbioses can help face problems such as the (re)emergence of diseases with environmental hosts, the effective application of probiotics, overreactions to commensal bacteria by the immune system, and the negative effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The light organ is also accessible to experimentally added solutes. Pores connect the outside environment with the site of infection in the light organ, so reagents can be added to cure an infection or monitor biochemical processes at the site of infection. One of the most intriguing colonization factors is bioluminescence. Long considered an energetic drag on cultured cells, luminescence is critical for full colonization of the light organ by . The observation that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) stimulate developmental processes in a mutualistic animal-bacteria association is notable for at least two reasons. First, the molecules are also recognized by the innate immune systems of animals and often trigger antimicrobial responses. This suggests conserved mechanisms for mutualist and pathogen detection by animals, with host responses being context dependent. Second, the particular PGM molecule shed by is identical to "cytotoxins" of pathogens and , revealing an interesting and unanticipated similarity between mutualistic and pathogenic bacteria-animal associations.

Citation: Stabb E. 2006. The – Light Organ Symbiosis, p 204-218. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch14

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The Vibrio fischeri–Euprymna scolopes Light Organ Symbiosis
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Citation: Stabb E. 2006. The – Light Organ Symbiosis, p 204-218. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch14
/content/10.1128/9781555815714.ch14.ch14fig01
FIGURE 1
. An adult female Hawaiian bobtail squid sits on coralline sand near eggs (indicated by white arrows) that she laid on a PVC halfpipe and on the side of her tank. While housed in a 50-liter tank at the University of Georgia, this female produced 1,616 juveniles over a 4.5-month span.
10.1128/9781555815714/f0205-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815714/f0205-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

. An adult female Hawaiian bobtail squid sits on coralline sand near eggs (indicated by white arrows) that she laid on a PVC halfpipe and on the side of her tank. While housed in a 50-liter tank at the University of Georgia, this female produced 1,616 juveniles over a 4.5-month span.

Citation: Stabb E. 2006. The – Light Organ Symbiosis, p 204-218. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch14
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FIGURE 2
Proposed counterillumination behavior of . Based on light organ architecture, it is thought that an adult with bioluminescent symbiotic can obscure its silhouette with a controllable, ventrally directed luminescence, whereas an aposymbiotic (lacking symbionts) squid would cast a shadow.
10.1128/9781555815714/f0206-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815714/f0206-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Proposed counterillumination behavior of . Based on light organ architecture, it is thought that an adult with bioluminescent symbiotic can obscure its silhouette with a controllable, ventrally directed luminescence, whereas an aposymbiotic (lacking symbionts) squid would cast a shadow.

Citation: Stabb E. 2006. The – Light Organ Symbiosis, p 204-218. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch14
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Tables

The Vibrio fischeri–Euprymna scolopes Light Organ Symbiosis
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Citation: Stabb E. 2006. The – Light Organ Symbiosis, p 204-218. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch14
/content/10.1128/9781555815714.ch14.ch14tab01
TABLE 1
Varied roles for peptidoglycan monomer
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Varied roles for peptidoglycan monomer

Citation: Stabb E. 2006. The – Light Organ Symbiosis, p 204-218. In Thompson F, Austin B, Swings J (ed), The Biology of Vibrios. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815714.ch14

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