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Category: Environmental Microbiology
Vibrio harveyi: Pretty Problems in Paradise, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815714/9781555813659_Chap19-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815714/9781555813659_Chap19-2.gifAbstract:
Vibrio harveyi was first described as a species of Acromonobacter by Johnson and Shunk. Later studies in classification of luminous bacteria reported three major groups. The first group contains Photobacterium fischeri, the second group consists of Photobacterium leiognathi and Photobacterium phosphoreum, and the third group contains Beneckea harveyi, Beneckea splendida, and V. cholerae biotype albensis. Luminous vibriosis is the term describing the disease of penaeid prawns caused by luminescent V. harveyi. The use of antibiotics as prophylactic agents to prevent bacterial infection of penaeid larvae has been employed in many shrimp hatcheries. However, the development of antibiotic resistance is one of the major consequences resulting from prophylactic antibiotic use. The use of probiotics is another approach to bacterial control to maintain a beneficial balance of bacteria and other microorganisms in the culture systems. The use of bacteriophage in the control of vibriosis seems very promising. An experiment with bacteriophage from diseased ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, provided protection against infection by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, a pathogen of ayu. These bacteriophages, representatives of Myoviridae and Podoviridae, reduced the number of bacterial cells in the kidneys of affected ayu and the underlying water environment. A study conducted by Liu et al. highlighted that V. harveyi was shown to produce proteases, phospholipase, hemolysins, or exotoxins that are important for pathogenicity. Liu and Lee also reported that a cysteine protease is the major exotoxin lethal to the tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon.
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Morphological, physical, and nutritional characteristics of V. harveyia
Hosts in which V. harveyi has been implicated as a pathogen and the associated disease