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Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology
Status and Projections for Foods Imported into the United States, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815745/9781555814137_Chap01-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815745/9781555814137_Chap01-2.gifAbstract:
This chapter describes changes in imports of selected food categories, changes in the imported volume of specific foods, and reasons for the imports of red meats, seafood, fruits, vegetables, and nuts to the United States and identifies differences and similarities among exporting countries with implications for the risk of potential microbiological contamination in the domestic food supply. The description distinguishes among food categories and countries of origin with regard to the growth of food product imports. A description of the general conditions of the economic and social development in exporting countries is included as an indication of risk associated with the introduction of food-borne pathogens into the food supply system. In fruit and vegetable production, especially for fresh consumption, labor costs during harvest represent a major expense to a grower. The chapter presents several general measures developed by international organizations to address selected aspects of economic and social development. The short-term projections regarding vegetable imports were quite accurate in the past, but fruit import predictions were less accurate, especially in the category of fresh and frozen fruit (USDA, 2007). The consumption of selected fresh and processed vegetables, fruits, nuts, and fish was affected by dissemination of research reports linking substances contained in these foods to confirmed or implied health benefits. The intended use of the different indexes in the chapter is to enable the process of designing and enforcing a system for detecting microbial contamination and, under the best-case scenario, preventing contaminated food from reaching the distribution system.
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Average shares of selected imported foods in total domestic consumption between 1980 and 2005. Based on data from A. Jerardo (personal communication).
Average shares of selected imported food products in total domestic consumption (1981 to 2004). Based on data from A. Jerardo (personal communication).
Transparency and economic freedom in countries exporting Atlantic and Chinook salmon and tilapia to the United States in 2006. Source: Transparency Index values obtained from Tranparency International’s 2004 Annual Report (http://www.transparency.org). Economic Freedom Index values are as published by The Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom).
Transparency and economic freedom of major farmed and wild-shrimp exporters to the United States, 2006. Source: Transparency Index values obtained from Tranparency International’s 2004 Annual Report (http://www.transparency.org). Economic Freedom Index values are as published by The Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom).
Transparency and economic freedom in countries exporting cashews and chestnuts to the United States, 2006. Source: Transparency Index values obtained from Tranparency International’s 2004 Annual Report (http://www.transparency.org). Economic Freedom Index values are as published by The Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom).
Top ten food-exporting countries to the United States in volume and value in 2006 a
Growth in imported volume of selected fresh fruits between 2000 and 2005 a
Growth in volume of imported of selected fresh vegetables between 2000 and 2005 a
Volume of U.S. imports of selected tree nuts from top exporting countries for 1995, 2000, and 2005 a
Leading seafood exporters to the United States in 2004 a
Growth in weight consumed per person of selected fish and shellfish between 1992 and 2006 and the top ten seafood types by weight, per person, in 2006 a
The imported volume of tilapia products to the United States in 2006, by country a
The United States import volume of tuna by country and product in 2005 a
United States imports of tuna and skipjack by country of origin in 2005 a
United States imports of yellowfin tuna, fresh or chilled, except fillet, liver, or roe, by country of origin in 2005 a
United States imports of atlantic salmon, farmed, fresh or chilled, except fillet, liver, or roe, by country of origin in 2005 a
United States imports of Atlantic salmon fillets, farmed, fresh, by country of origin in 2005 a
Major shrimp exporters to the United States in 2006 and the change in imported volume a
United States imports of scallops, live, fresh or chilled, by country of origin in 2005 a
Indexes of hourly compensation costs for production workers in manufacturing in selected countries in 2000 and 2005 a
Selected development measures for major food exporters to the United States a