An Interplay between Metabolic and Physicochemical Constraints: Lessons from the Psychrophilic Prokaryote Genomes

Antoine Danchin

doi:10.1128/9781555815813.ch16

Chapter 16 : An Interplay between Metabolic and Physicochemical Constraints: Lessons from the Psychrophilic Prokaryote Genomes

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Affiliations: 1: Genetics of Bacterial Genomes URA 2171 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2007

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Environmental Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555815813

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch16

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Abstract:

This chapter summarizes the knowledge about the genomes of psychrophilic bacteria, a subclass of the cold-adapted bacteria, with emphasis on the specific selective features relevant to cold adaptation. A detailed analysis of the general features of genomes and proteomes from psychrophilic bacteria is presented. All investigators involved in sequencing the genomes of psychrophilic Bacteria looked for common features which would account for cold-adaptation. The genomes of psychrophilic bacteria also have the counterpart of major chaperonins such as the essential GroES GroEL complex. A remarkable observation poses interesting questions about the role of this complex. In the presence of molecular oxygen (dioxygen), this has the consequence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are more frequent and stable for a longer time. Membrane fluidity can be increased in two ways: either by incorporating unsaturated fatty acids or by including branched-chain fatty acids in the diglycerides. Photobacterium profundum SS9 was found to exhibit enhanced proportions of both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids when grown at a decreased temperature or elevated pressure. Three main features can be observed in the genomes and proteomes of these organisms: a variety of means to cope with ROS, a multiplicity of nucleic acid folding and unfolding devices, and, finally, a bias in the amino acid composition of their proteome.

Citation: Danchin A. 2007. An Interplay between Metabolic and Physicochemical Constraints: Lessons from the Psychrophilic Prokaryote Genomes, p 208-220. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch16

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Tables

An Interplay between Metabolic and Physicochemical Constraints: Lessons from the Psychrophilic Prokaryote Genomes

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/content/10.1128/9781555815813.ch16.ch16tab01

Table 1.

List of cold-growing bacteria for which complete genomes are available

Table 1.

List of cold-growing bacteria for which complete genomes are available