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Chapter 25 : Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure

Authors: Douglas H. Bartlett1, Federico M. Lauro2, Emiley A. Eloe3
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Affiliations: 1: Marine Biology Research Division, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202; 2: Marine Biology Research Division, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202; 3: Marine Biology Research Division, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2007

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

Piezomicrobiology is one of the lesser studied areas in extremophilic microbiology, although it constitutes a significant field of research, considering that piezophilic microorganisms reside in the largest habitat on Earth—the deep sea. High-pressure microbial habitats include the abyssal and hadal deep-sea environments, which are typified by low temperatures, darkness, sporadic nutrient inputs, and high diversity (low biomass) of invertebrate and vertebrate life. The abyssal plain is commonly thought of as a barren desert, punctuated by the presence of reducing environments such as hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and whale falls. Culture-independent analyses of microbial diversity in low-temperature deep-ocean habitats have indicated the presence of particular groups of , , and . One of the classic responses of mesophilic microbial cells to growth-permissive elevated pressure is the impairment of cell division. The SOS regulon includes genes whose products repair DNA damage as well as prevent cell division. In order to gain further insight into the nature of elevated pressure as a stress, the response of to pressure has been examined. Many DNA-binding proteins display pressure-sensitive binding properties, and in many instances, this is due to hydration effects. Translation is another pressure-sensitive cellular process involving nucleic acid-protein interactions. Among the ribosome structures present throughout the elongation cycle the most pressure-sensitive one appears to be the posttranslocational complex. The description of genes required for high-pressure growth is now remarkably small but is likely to be greatly expanded as a result of ongoing genetic and genomic studies.

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25

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Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure
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Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
/content/10.1128/9781555815813.ch25.ch25fig01
Figure 1.
(Upper Tree) Phylogenetic tree of bacterial piezophiles. All of the strains listed belong to the γ-proteobacteria except for , which belong to the γ-proteobacteria, and , which is a member of the . (Lower Tree) Phylogenetic tree of archaeal piezophiles. All of the species listed are within the except for , which is within the . Both trees were reconstructed using the neighbor-joining algorithm.
10.1128/9781555815813/f0335-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815813/f0335-01.gif
Image of Figure 1.
Figure 1.

(Upper Tree) Phylogenetic tree of bacterial piezophiles. All of the strains listed belong to the γ-proteobacteria except for , which belong to the γ-proteobacteria, and , which is a member of the . (Lower Tree) Phylogenetic tree of archaeal piezophiles. All of the species listed are within the except for , which is within the . Both trees were reconstructed using the neighbor-joining algorithm.

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
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Figure 2.
Schematic of one of the most pressure-sensitive components of a mesophilic bacterial cell: a flagellum.
10.1128/9781555815813/f0337-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815813/f0337-01.gif
Image of Figure 2.
Figure 2.

Schematic of one of the most pressure-sensitive components of a mesophilic bacterial cell: a flagellum.

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
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Figure 3.
morphology at low and high pressure. Deconvolved fluorescence image of cells incubated at atmospheric pressure (left) and elevated pressure (right). The membrane has been stained with the fluorescent stain FM4-64 and the DNA with 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).
10.1128/9781555815813/f0338-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815813/f0338-01.gif
Image of Figure 3.
Figure 3.

morphology at low and high pressure. Deconvolved fluorescence image of cells incubated at atmospheric pressure (left) and elevated pressure (right). The membrane has been stained with the fluorescent stain FM4-64 and the DNA with 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
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Figure 4.
Schematic of one of the most pressure-sensitive components of a mesophilic bacterial cell: a ribosome.
10.1128/9781555815813/f0340-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815813/f0340-01.gif
Image of Figure 4.
Figure 4.

Schematic of one of the most pressure-sensitive components of a mesophilic bacterial cell: a ribosome.

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
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Tables

Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure
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Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
/content/10.1128/9781555815813.ch25.ch25tab01
Table 1.
Piezophilic and
Generic image for table
Table 1.

Piezophilic and

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25
/content/10.1128/9781555815813.ch25.ch25tab02
Table 2.
Genes influencing high-pressure (HP) resistance or high-pressure growth in or in
Generic image for table
Table 2.

Genes influencing high-pressure (HP) resistance or high-pressure growth in or in

Citation: Bartlett D, Lauro F, Eloe E. 2007. Microbial Adaptation to High Pressure, p 333-348. In Gerday C, Glansdorff N (ed), Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815813.ch25

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