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Chapter 15 : Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection

Authors: Christelle M. Roux1, Renée M. Tsolis2
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616; 2: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2007

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

Host responses elicited by type IV secretion systems (T4SS) activity are important factors in determining whether the infection will be resolved or whether bacteria will be able to cause a persistent infection. This chapter discusses recent findings on the functions of T4SS of , , , species, and species as well as new information gained from animal and cellular models of infection on how the secreted substrates alter the host’s response to infection. species are facultative intracellular pathogens found ubiquitously in freshwater environments, where they invade and replicate within amoebae and other protozoa. Importantly, NF- κB translocation is essential for the intracellular survival of , as the inhibition of this process resulted in the death of infected cells and prevented further bacterial replication when macrophages were infected at a low multiplicity of infection in a previous study. Studies of the global transcriptional response of gastric epithelial cells to infection have shed light on the contribution of the T4SS to chronic inflammation and gastric cancer. Although the Dot/Icm T4SS transfers DNA by conjugation in vitro, it is not known whether DNA can be translocated into host cells during infection. The popularity of employing T4SS for host-pathogen interaction may be due in part to the fact that these virulence factors can accommodate the secretion of distinct sets of effector proteins, thereby enabling each pathogen to adapt to a different specific niche.

Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15

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Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection
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Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15
/content/10.1128/9781555815851.ch15.ch15fig01
FIGURE 1
Assembly and function of the Dot/Icm T4SS. ARF, ADP-ribosylation factor; CP, bacterial cytoplasm; CM, cytoplasmic membrane; PP, periplasm; OM, outer membrane; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PM, plasma membrane; P-L, phagosome-lysosome. The assembly of the T4SS complex is inferred in part based on work on the T4SS, which is reviewed in references and .
10.1128/9781555815851/f0223-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815851/f0223-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Assembly and function of the Dot/Icm T4SS. ARF, ADP-ribosylation factor; CP, bacterial cytoplasm; CM, cytoplasmic membrane; PP, periplasm; OM, outer membrane; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PM, plasma membrane; P-L, phagosome-lysosome. The assembly of the T4SS complex is inferred in part based on work on the T4SS, which is reviewed in references and .

Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15
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/content/10.1128/9781555815851.ch15.ch15fig02
FIGURE 2
Assembly and function of the Cag PAI T4SS. PGN, peptidoglycan; P, phosphorylation. Other abbreviations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 1 . The assembly of the T4SS complex is inferred in part based on work on the T4SS, which is reviewed in references and .
10.1128/9781555815851/f0224-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815851/f0224-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Assembly and function of the Cag PAI T4SS. PGN, peptidoglycan; P, phosphorylation. Other abbreviations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 1 . The assembly of the T4SS complex is inferred in part based on work on the T4SS, which is reviewed in references and .

Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15
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/content/10.1128/9781555815851.ch15.ch15fig03
FIGURE 3
Assembly and function of the VirB T4SS. Abbreviations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 2 . The assembly of the T4SS complex is inferred in part based on work on the T4SS, which is reviewed in references and .
10.1128/9781555815851/f0225-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815851/f0225-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

Assembly and function of the VirB T4SS. Abbreviations are as defined in the legend to Fig. 2 . The assembly of the T4SS complex is inferred in part based on work on the T4SS, which is reviewed in references and .

Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15
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Tables

Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection
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Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15
/content/10.1128/9781555815851.ch15.ch15tab01
TABLE 1
Animal and human pathogens and endosymbionts encoding T4SS
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Animal and human pathogens and endosymbionts encoding T4SS

Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15
/content/10.1128/9781555815851.ch15.ch15tab02
TABLE 2
Motifs in T4SS effectors with similarity to eukaryotic protein domains
Generic image for table
TABLE 2

Motifs in T4SS effectors with similarity to eukaryotic protein domains

Citation: Roux C, Tsolis R. 2007. Type IV Secretion Systems and Their Role in Eliciting Host Responses to Infection, p 221-237. In Brogden K, Minion F, Cornick N, Stanton T, Zhang Q, Nolan L, Wannemuehler M (ed), Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial Pathogens, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815851.ch15

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