Highlighted Text:
Show |
Hide
Full text loading...
Chapter 65 : Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
Authors:
Marianna Wilson,
Peter M. Schantz,
Thomas Nutman
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year:
2006
Category: Immunology
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815905
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.
Preview this chapter:
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815905/9781555813642_Chap65-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815905/9781555813642_Chap65-2.gif
Abstract:
The diagnosis of parasitic infections is definitively made by the identification of parasites in host tissue or excreta. The detection of antibodies can be very useful as an indicator that an individual has been infected with a specific parasite. A positive result for a person with no exposure to the parasite prior to recent travel in an area where disease is endemic may be interpreted as indicating recent infection. In general, the detection of antibodies to parasitic diseases indicates only infection at some indeterminate time and not necessarily an acute or current infection. The detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies may be of value in determining the approximate time of initial infection with Toxoplasma gondii, but it is not recommended for any other parasitic disease. The diagnosis of human intestinal protozoa depends on microscopic detection of the various parasite stages in feces, duodenal fluid, or small intestine biopsy specimens. Antibody and antigen detection tests for parasitic diseases are discussed. For all antibody detection tests for parasitic diseases, sera or plasmas are acceptable specimens. Fresh or preserved stool samples are acceptable for antigen detection testing with most kits. Antibody detection kits that are available commercially in the United States for parasitic diseases other than toxoplasmosis are tabulated and discussed in this chapter.
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
Key Concept Ranking
- Parasitic Diseases
- 0.6780906
- Rapid Immunochromatographic Assay
- 0.4488241
- Complement Fixation Test
- 0.4237873
0.6780906
Figures
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Marianna, foaf_name=Marianna Wilson, foaf_surname=Wilson}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-2,properties={foaf_givenname=Peter M., foaf_name=Peter M. Schantz, foaf_surname=Schantz}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-3,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-3,properties={foaf_givenname=Thomas, foaf_name=Thomas Nutman, foaf_surname=Nutman}]]
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
/content/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65.ch65fig01
FIGURE 1
Algorithm for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in people older than 1 year of age.
10.1128/9781555815905/f0566-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815905/f0566-01.gif
FIGURE 1
Algorithm for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis in people older than 1 year of age.
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
References
/content/book/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
1.
Aldeen, S. E.,, K. Carroll,, A. Robison,, M. Morrison, and , D. Hale. 1998. Comparison of nine commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of Giardia lamblia in fecal specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1338– 1340.
2.
Al-Sherbiny, M. M.,, A. M. Osman,, K. Hancock,, A. M. Deelder, and , V. C. W. Tsang. 1999. Application of immuno-diagnostic assays: detection of antibodies and circulating antigens in human schistosomiasis and correlation with clinical findings. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60: 960– 966.
3.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2004. Manufacturer’s recall of rapid cartridge assay kits on the basis of false-positive Cryptosporidium antigen tests— Colorado, 2004. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 53: 198.
4.
Chanteau, S.,, J. P. Moulia-Pelat,, P. Glaziou,, M. L. Nguyen,, P. Luquiaud,, C. Plichart,, P. M. Martin, and , J. L. Cartel. 1994. Og4C3 circulating antigen: a marker of infection and adult worm burden in Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis. J. Infect. Dis. 170: 247– 250.
5.
Despommier, D. 2003. Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 265– 272.
6.
Garcia, L. S. 2002. Laboratory identification of the microsporidia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1892– 1901.
7.
Garcia, L. S., and , R. Shimizu. 1997. Evaluation of nine immunoassay kits (enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescence) for detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35: 1526– 1529.
8.
Herwaldt, B. L.,, G. deBruyn,, N. J. Pieniazek,, M. J. Homer,, K. H. Lofy,, S. B. Slemenda,, T. R. Fritsche,, D. H. Persing, and , A. P. Limaye. 2004. Babesia divergent-like infection, Washington State. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10: 622– 629.
9.
Hillyer, G. V. 1993. Serological diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica. Farasitol. Dia 17: 130– 136.
10.
Huppert, J. S.,, B. E. Batteiger,, P. Braslins,, J. A. Feldman,, M. M. Hobbs,, H. Z. Sankey,, A. C. Sena, and , K. A. Wendel. 2005. Use of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 684– 687.
11.
Ito, A.,, L. Ma,, P. M. Schantz,, B. Gottstein,, Y.-H. Liu,, J. J. Chai,, S. K. Abdel-Hafez,, N. Altintas,, D. D. Joshi,, M. W. Lightowlers, and , Z. S. Pawlowski. 1999. Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen B) and E. multilocularis protoscolex (EM18). Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60: 188– 192.
12.
Keiser, P. B., and , T. B. Nutman. 2004. Strongyloides sterco-ralis in the immunocompromised population. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17: 208– 217.
13.
Kitchen, A. D.,, P. H. J. Lowe,, K. Lalloo, and , P. L. Chiodini. 2004. Evaluation of a malarial antibody assay for use in the screening of blood and tissue products for clinical use. Vox Sanguinis 87: 150– 155.
14.
Klion, A. D.,, A. Vijaykumar,, T. Oei,, B. Martin, and , T. B. Nutman. 2003. Serum immunoglobulin G4 antibodies to the recombinant antigen, L1-SXP-1, are highly specific for Loa loa infection. J. Infect. Dis. 187: 128– 133.
15.
Krause, P. J. 2003. Babesiosis diagnosis and treatment. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 3: 45– 51.
16.
Lal, R. B., and , E. A. Ottesen. 1988. Enhanced diagnostic specificity in human filariasis by IgG4 antibody assessment. J. Infect. Dis. 158: 1034– 1037.
17.
Leiby, D. A.,, S. Wendel,, D. T. Takaoka,, R. M. Fachini,, L. C. Oliveira, and , M. A. Tibbals. 2000. Serologic testing for Trypanosoma cruzi: comparison of radioimmunoprecipi-tation assay with commercially available indirect immuno-fluorescence assay, indirect hemagglutination assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 639– 642.
18.
Loufty, M. R.,, M. Wilson,, J. S. Keystone, and , K. C. Kain. 2002. Serology and eosinophil count in the diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in a non-endemic area. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66: 749– 752.
19.
McManus, D. P.,, W. Zhang,, J. Li, and , P. B. Bartley. 2003. Echinococcosis. Lancet 362: 1295– 1304.
20.
Moody, A. 2002. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria parasites. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15: 66– 78.
21.
Murrell, K. D., and , F. Brueschi. 1994. Clinical trichinellosis. Prog. Clin. Parasitol. 4: 117– 150.
22.
NCCLS. 2004. Clinical use and interpretation of serologic tests for Toxoplasma gondii. Approved guideline. NCCLS, Wayne, Pa.
23.
Ramachandran, C. P. 1993. Improved immunodiagnostic tests to monitor onchocerciasis control programmes— a multicenter effort. Farasitol. Today 9: 76– 79.
24.
Schallig, H. D. F H., and , L. Oskam. 2002. Molecular biological applications in the diagnosis and control of leishma-niasis and parasite identification. Trop. Med. Int. Health 7: 641– 651.
25.
Schwebke, J. R., and , D. Burgess. 2004. Trichomoniasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17: 794– 803.
26.
Siles-Lucas, M., and , B. Gottstein. 2001. Molecular tools for the diagnosis of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. Trop. Med. Int. Health 6: 463– 475.
27.
Slemenda, S. B.,, S. F. Maddison,, E. C. Jong, and , D. D. Moore. 1988. Diagnosis of paragonimiasis by immunoblot. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 39: 469– 471.
28.
Smith, J. V. 1993. Antibody reactivity in human toxocariasis, p. 91– 109. In J. W. Lewis and , R. M. Maizels (ed.), Toxocara and Toxocariasis: Clinical, Epidemiological, and Molecular Ferspectives. Institute of Biology and the British Society for Parasitology, London, United Kingdom.
29.
Snounou, G.,, S. Viriyakosol,, X. P. Zhu,, L. Pinheiro,, V. F. do Rosario,, S. Thaithong, and , K. N. Brown. 1993. High sensitivity detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Biochem. Farasitol. 61: 315– 320.
30.
Sulzer, A. J.,, M. Wilson, and , E. C. Hall. 1969. Indirect fluorescent-antibody tests for parasitic diseases. V. An evaluation of a thick-smear antigen in the IFA test for malaria antibodies. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 18: 199– 205.
31.
Sundar, S., and , M. Rai. 2002. Laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9: 951– 958.
32.
Tanyuksel, M., and , W. A. Petri, Jr. 2003. Laboratory diagnosis of amebiasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 713– 729.
33.
Tsang, V. C. W., and , P. P. Wilkins. 1997. Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. Immunol. Investig. 26: 175– 188.
34.
Umezawa, E. S.,, A. O. Luquetti,, G. Levitus,, C. Ponce,, F. Ponce,, D. Henriquez,, S. Revollo,, B. Espinoza,, O. Sousa,, B. Khan, and , J. F. da Silveira. 2004. Serodiagnosis of chronic and acute Chagas’ disease with Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant proteins: results of a collaborative study in six Latin American countries. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 449– 452.
35.
Weil, G. J.,, P. J. Lammie, and , N. Weiss. 1997. The ICT filariasis test: a rapid-format antigen test for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. Farasitol. Today 13: 401– 404.
36.
Wilkins, P. P.,, M. Wilson,, J. C. Allan, and , V. C. W. Tsang. 2002. Taenia solium cysticercosis: immunodiagnosis of neurocysticercosis and taeniasis, p. 329– 341. In G. Singh and , S. Prabhakar (ed.), Taenia solium Cysticercosis: from Basic to Clinical Science. CABI Publishing, New York, N.Y.
37.
Wilson, M.,, J. L. Jones, and , J. M. McAuley. 2003. Toxoplasma, p. 1970– 1980. In P. R. Murray,, E. J. Baron,, M. A. Pfaller,, J. H. Jorgensen, and , R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
38.
Zhong, M.,, J. McCarthy,, L. Bierwert,, M. Lizotte-Waniewski,, S. Chanteau,, T. B. Nutman,, E. A. Ottesen, and , S. A. Williams. 1996. A polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti in human blood samples. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54: 357– 363.
Tables
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Marianna, foaf_name=Marianna Wilson, foaf_surname=Wilson}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-2,properties={foaf_givenname=Peter M., foaf_name=Peter M. Schantz, foaf_surname=Schantz}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-3,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65-3,properties={foaf_givenname=Thomas, foaf_name=Thomas Nutman, foaf_surname=Nutman}]]
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
/content/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65.ch65tab01
TABLE 1
Antibody and antigen detection tests for parasitic diseases
TABLE 1
Antibody and antigen detection tests for parasitic diseases
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
/content/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65.ch65tab02
TABLE 2
Antibody detection kits available commercially in the United States for parasitic diseases other than toxoplasmosis
TABLE 2
Antibody detection kits available commercially in the United States for parasitic diseases other than toxoplasmosis
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
/content/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65.ch65tab03
TABLE 3
Commercially available kits for immunodetection of parasitic organisms or antigens
TABLE 3
Commercially available kits for immunodetection of parasitic organisms or antigens
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65
/content/10.1128/9781555815905.ch65.ch65tab04
TABLE 4
Toxoplasma kits available commercially in the United States
TABLE 4
Toxoplasma kits available commercially in the United States
Citation:
Wilson M, Schantz P, Nutman T.
2006.
Molecular and Immunological Approaches to the Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections,
p 557-568.
In
Detrick B, Hamilton R, Folds J (ed),
Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology, 7th Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815905.ch65