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Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology
Helminths Acquired from Finfish, Shellfish, and Other Food Sources, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815912/9781555814076_Chap30-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815912/9781555814076_Chap30-2.gifAbstract:
A variety of human helminthic infections can be acquired through the consumption of food products from infected animals and plants, through the accidental ingestion of infected invertebrates in foodstuffs or drinking water, or through inadvertent fecal contamination by humans or animals. Prevention of biohelminth infections can be accomplished by avoiding the intermediate hosts or by adequately cooking foods. In contrast, helminths with eggs or free-living stages that can survive a certain length of time in the external environment, termed geohelminths, are typically transmitted via contaminated water or foods and are best controlled by improved sanitation. Several related nematodes of the genera Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, and Contracaecum may be acquired by eating raw fish or squid in seafood dishes such as sushi, sashimi, seviche, and lomi-lomi. Infection may also be acquired from shellfish juices used in food dishes or folk remedies, from food prepared by using contaminated utensils or chopping blocks, or from drinking water contaminated with metacercariae released from dead or injured crustaceans. Raw foods, particularly fish and chicken, should be avoided in areas where infection is endemic, and drinking water should be filtered before consumption. Human infection with Dicrocoelium is explained by the accidental ingestion of ants on vegetation, and Angiostrongylus costaricensis is thought to be acquired by eating raw fruits and vegetables on which snails have left larvae in mucus deposits or by accidentally ingesting infected snails on unwashed vegetation. Preventive measures include protection of grains and foodstuffs from insects and rodent control.
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Anisakis embedded in the human gastric mucosa as visualized by gastroscopy. (Photograph contributed by Tomoo Oshima; illustration courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C., AFIP 76-2118.)
Transverse section of larval Capillaria philippinensis embedded in human intestinal glands. Magnification, ×95. (Illustration courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, AFIP 69-1066.)
Arrows show Dracunculus larvae within the body cavity of the intermediate host, Cyclops. Magnification, ×60. (Specimen contributed by E. L. Schiller, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.; illustration courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, AFIP 68-4629.)
A sparganum removed from a subcutaneous nodule in the inguinal region. Magnification, ×1.7. (Illustration courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, AFIP 70-7392.)
Numerous adult Ascaris lumbricoides worms obstructing the jejunum of a 13-year-old Zairian. Magnification, ×2.5. (Illustration courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, AFIP 72-13204.)
Trichuris trichiura adult worms. The photograph shows the slender anterior ends threaded beneath the colonic epithelium. Magnification, ×3.7. (Illustration courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, AFIP 69-3583.)
Sources of infection with some foodborne helminths of humans