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Chapter 35 : Fermented Dairy Products
Authors:
Mark E. Johnson1,
James L. Steele2
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Affiliations:
1: Center for Dairy Research, Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706–1565;
2: Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706–1565
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year:
2007
Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815912
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
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Abstract:
The primary microflora used in the production of fermented milk products are the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Additionally, yeasts, molds, and several other species of bacteria, including heterofermentative LAB, may be added to specific products; however, their purpose is not for acid development but for the production of flavor components or carbon dioxide. In some fermented dairy products, additional bacteria, often referred to as secondary microflora (but essential to flavor development), are added to influence flavor and alter texture of the final product. The use of nonstarter LAB, especially lactobacilli, as adjunct flavor cultures is a burgeoning research area and is practiced commercially. Proteolytic systems in LAB contribute to their ability to grow in milk and are necessary for the development of flavor in ripened cheeses. The production of high-quality fermented dairy products is dependent on the proteolytic systems of LAB. Bacteriophage infection may lead to a decrease or complete inhibition of lactic acid production by the starter culture. This has a major impact on the manufacture of fermented dairy products, as lactic acid synthesis is required to produce these products. Researchers have begun to characterize host components required for bacteriophage adsorption. It is now thought that bacteriophages initially interact reversibly with cell envelope-associated polysaccharide and then interact irreversibly with cell membrane protein(s).
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
Figures
Fermented Dairy Products
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Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
/content/10.1128/9781555815912.ch35.ch35fig01
Figure 35.1
Lactose metabolism in homofermentative LAB.
10.1128/9781555815912/f0770-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815912/f0770-01.gif
Figure 35.1
Lactose metabolism in homofermentative LAB.
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
/content/10.1128/9781555815912.ch35.ch35fig02
Figure 35.2
Lactose metabolism in heterofermentative LAB.
10.1128/9781555815912/f0771-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815912/f0771-01.gif
Figure 35.2
Lactose metabolism in heterofermentative LAB.
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
/content/10.1128/9781555815912.ch35.ch35fig03
Figure 35.3
Pyruvic acid and citric acid metabolism in LAB. Abbreviations: CoA, coenzyme A; Tpp, thiamine pyrophosphate.
10.1128/9781555815912/f0772-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815912/f0772-01.gif
Figure 35.3
Pyruvic acid and citric acid metabolism in LAB. Abbreviations: CoA, coenzyme A; Tpp, thiamine pyrophosphate.
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
/content/10.1128/9781555815912.ch35.ch35fig04
Figure 35.4
Schematic representation of the lactococcal proteolytic system. Abbreviations: PrtP, cell-envelope-associated proteinase; Opp, oligopeptide transport system; Dtp, di/tripeptide transport systems; AAT, amino acid transport systems; EP, endopeptidases; AP, amino-peptidases; TP, tripeptidases; DP, dipeptidases.
10.1128/9781555815912/f0774-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815912/f0774-01.gif
Figure 35.4
Schematic representation of the lactococcal proteolytic system. Abbreviations: PrtP, cell-envelope-associated proteinase; Opp, oligopeptide transport system; Dtp, di/tripeptide transport systems; AAT, amino acid transport systems; EP, endopeptidases; AP, amino-peptidases; TP, tripeptidases; DP, dipeptidases.
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
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Tables
Fermented Dairy Products
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Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
/content/10.1128/9781555815912.ch35.ch35tab01
Table 35.1
Microorganisms involved in the manufacture of cheeses and fermented milks
Table 35.1
Microorganisms involved in the manufacture of cheeses and fermented milks
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35
/content/10.1128/9781555815912.ch35.ch35tab02
Table 35.2
Peptidases purified and characterized from lactococci
Table 35.2
Peptidases purified and characterized from lactococci
Citation:
Johnson M, Steele J.
2007.
Fermented Dairy Products,
p 767-781.
In
Doyle M, Beuchat L (ed),
Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815912.ch35