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Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis
In Pursuit of New Antibiotics, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815929/9781555812379_Chap51-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815929/9781555812379_Chap51-2.gifAbstract:
Antibacterial agents were required to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, and Legionella pneumophila microorganisms, and the objective has been achieved satisfactorily in the case of some bacterial species but not others, or intensive research has not yet resulted in one or more medications that fulfill the requirements, as for H. pylori. From 1980s to the 1990s, about two families of antibiotics resulting from the fermentation products of microorganisms were developed, such as mupirocin and monocyclic β-lactams from sulfazecin, giving rise to two medications, aztreonam and carumonam. More complex research has shown that the mechanisms of expulsion may differ in the same family of antibiotics. Bacteria need the iron which is found in the external environment for their physiology, and they use siderophores to obtain it. Some antibiotics, such as cephalosporins of the catechol type, use this route as a second mechanism of action. The adherence of bacteria can occur through pili for gram-negative bacilli or sortases for gram-positive bacilli. To enlarge the potential of virulence factor inhibitors, the central regulatory pathway was focused to avoid the narrow spectrum obtained with antipili, antitoxins. Anti-infective agents are not limited to antibacterial agents, and intensive research has been conducted on antifungal agents. There is an urgent need to find agents against Plasmodium falciparum, but also to increase the number of agents active against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma gambiense, to find drugs active against Chagas’ disease, and to produce new molecules against Giardia lamblia.
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Vancoresmycin
Inhibitors of DHFR of M. avium and P. carinii
Benzoimidazole derivatives: site A inhibitors
Phenylalanine tRNA transferase inhibitor
SB 219383, a tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor
Kirromycin, an elongation factor inhibitor
Structure of EF-Tu and EF-Ts inhibitors
Polymerase III inhibitors
REP 6021
Formycins A and B
DNA gyrase inhibitors
Osmotransporter inhibitor
Fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors
AP-1401
Two-component system inhibitors
Lipid A inhibitors
Lipid A inhibitors
TTPS inhibitors
ERM methylase inhibitors: triazine analogs
ERM methylase inhibitors: S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine
ERM methylase inhibitors: analogs of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine
Mar inhibitors
Collagenase inhibitor
Collagenase inhibitor
OPT-80
Affinity for TTPS
Mar inhibitor activities in vitro of selected benzimidazoles a
In vitro activity of OPT-80 a
In vitro susceptibility of C. bolteae