1887

Chapter 7 : Feathered Friends

Author: Matthew E. Levison1
VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
Affiliations: 1: Drexel University College of Medicine and Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19102
Content Type: Trade
Publication Year: 2009

Category: General Interest

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.

Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

Feathered Friends, Page 1 of 2

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815950/9781555814847_Chap07-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555815950/9781555814847_Chap07-2.gif

Abstract:

Infectious diseases can be transmitted to humans from birds by one of several mechanisms. In group 1 infections, birds are the natural reservoirs for the infectious agent, which causes illness among them. Examples of such infections include psittacosis, Newcastle disease, avian influenza, and yersiniosis. In group 2 and 3 infections, birds are the natural reservoirs for the infectious agent but do not become ill themselves. The infectious agents of group 2 infections (for example, salmonellosis and mite infections) disseminate from the colonized birds into the environment directly, and the agents of group 3 infections (for example, eastern equine encephalitis [EEE], western equine encephalitis [WEE], St. Louis encephalitis [SLE], and Japanese B encephalitis [JE]) disseminate by means of arthropod vectors and involve humans as accidental hosts. Psittacosis is mainly an occupational disease among workers in turkey-processing plants, duck or goose pluckers, pigeon breeders, and pet store employees. Mites that infest wild and domestic birds have four stages (egg, larva, nymph, and adult) in their life cycles, which can be completed within 1 week under favorable circumstances. Gastrointestinal defenses may be compromised by antacids, gastrectomy, agents that slow intestinal motility, and antibiotics. Some diseases, such as cirrhosis, lymphoma, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which impair systemic host defenses, also increase susceptibility to salmonellosis. Acute pulmonary histoplasmosis resembles atypical pneumonia, the severity of which depends on the number of infectious particles inhaled.

Citation: Levison M. 2009. Feathered Friends, p 173-192. In Schlossberg D (ed), Infections of Leisure, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815950.ch7
Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

/content/book/10.1128/9781555815950.ch07
1. Acha, P. N., and, B. Szyfres. 1987. Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man and Animals, 2nd ed. Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC.
2. Ajello, L. 1967. Comparative ecology of respiratory mycotic disease agents. Bacteriol. Rev. 31: 6– 24.
3. Armstein, P.,, B. Eddie, and, K. F. Meyer. 1968. Control of psittacosis by group chemotherapy of infected parrots. Am. J. Vet. Res. 29: 2213– 2227.
4. Baba, K.,, N. Takeda, and, M. Tanaka. 1991. Cases of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection having diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease. Contrib. Microbiol. Immunol. 12: 292– 296.
5. Bennett, J. E.,, W. E. Dismukes,, R. J. Duma,, G. Medoff,, M. A. Sande,, H. Gallis,, J. Leonard,, B. T. Fields,, M. Bradshaw,, H. Haywood,, Z. A. McGee,, T. R. Cate,, C. G. Cobbs,, J. F. Warner, and, D. W. Alling. 1979. A comparison of amphotericin B alone and combined with flucytosine in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. N. Engl. J. Med. 301: 126– 131.
6. Brandly, C. A. 1964. The occupational hazard of Newcastle disease to man. Lab. Anim. Care 14: 433– 440.
7. Bryan, F. L. 1981. Current trends in food-borne salmonellosis in the United States and Canada. J. Food Prot. 44: 394– 402.
8. Calfee, D. P.,, A. W. Peng,, L. M. Cass,, M. Lobo, and, F. G. Hayden. 1999. Safety and efficacy of intravenous zanamivir in preventing experimental human influenza A virus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43: 1616– 1620.
9. Center for Disease Control. 1974. Follow-up on turkey-associated psittacosis. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 23: 309– 310.
10. Centers for Disease Control. 1982. Psittacosis associated with turkey processing—Ohio. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 30: 638– 640.
11. Centers for Disease Control. 1987. Arboviral infections of the central nervous system—United States, 1986. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 36: 450– 455.
12. European Food Safety Authority. 2008. Scientific opinions, question no. EFSA-Q-2007-179, adopted 7 May 2008. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa_locale-1178620753812_1178713016506.htm.
13. Gatus, B. J., and, M. R. Rose. 1983. Japanese B encephalitis; epidemiology, clinical and pathologic aspects. J. Infect. 6: 213– 218.
14. Goebel, S. J.,, J. Taylor,, J. C. Barr,, H. R. Castro-Malaspina,, C. V. Hedvat,, K. A. Rush-Wilson,, C. D. Kelly,, S. W. Davis,, W. A. Samsonoff,, K. R. Hurst,, M. J. Behr, and, P. S. Masters. 2007. Isolation of avian paramyxovirus 1 from a human case of pneumonia. J. Virol. 81: 12709– 12714.
15. Goodwin, R. A., and, R. M. DesPrez. 1978. State of the art. Histoplasmosis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 117: 929– 956.
16. Hoff, G. L., and, W. J. Bigler. 1981. The role of bats in the propagation and spread of histoplasmosis: a review. J. Wildl. Dis. 17: 191– 196.
17. Holodniy, M.,, S. R. Penzak,, T. M. Straight,, R. T. Davey,, K. K. Lee,, M. B. Goetz,, D. W. Raisch,, F. Cunningham,, E. T. Lin,, N. Olivo, and, L. R. Deyton. 2008. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oseltamivir combined with probenecid. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 3013– 3021.
18. Kidd, S. E.,, P. J. Bach,, A. O. Hingston,, S. Mak,, Y. Chow,, L. MacDougall,, J. W. Kronstad, and, K. H. Bartlett. 2007. Cryptococcus gattii dispersal mechanisms, British Columbia, Canada. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13: 51– 57.
19. Klee, A. L.,, B. Maldin,, B. Ewin,, I. Poshni,, F. Mostashari,, A. Fine,, M. Layton, and, D. Nash. 2004. Long-term prognosis for clinical West Nile virus infection. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10: 1405– 1411.
20. Luby, J. P.,, S. E. Sulkin, and, J. P. Sanford. 1969. The epidemiology of St. Louis encephalitis: a review. Annu. Rev. Med. 20: 329– 350.
21. McGavran, M. H.,, C. W. Beard,, R. F. Berendt, and, R. M. Nakamura. 1962. The pathogenesis of psittacosis. Serial studies on rhesus monkeys exposed to a small-particle aerosol of the Borg strain. Am. J. Pathol. 40: 653– 670.
23. Neill, M. A.,, S. M. Opal,, J. Heelan,, R. Giusti,, J. E. Cassidy,, R. White, and, K. H. Mayer. 1991. Failure of ciprofloxacin to eradicate convalescent fecal excretion after acute salmonellosis: experience during an outbreak in healthcare workers. Ann. Intern. Med. 114: 195– 199.
24. Peiris, J. S. M.,, M. D. de Jong, and, Y. Guan. 2007. Avian influenza virus (H5N1): a threat to human health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20: 243– 267. doi:10.1128/CMR.00037-06.
25. ProMED-mail. 2007. Psittacosis, bird show—Netherlands: (Gelderland) 20071203.3891. http://promedmail.org.
26. Rosen, L. 1986. The natural history of Japanese encephalitis virus. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 40: 395– 414.
27. Sato, K.,, K. Ouchi, and, M. Taki. 1983. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in children, resembling Izumi fever and Kawasaki syndrome. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 2: 123– 126.
28. Schech, W. F.,, L. J. Wheat,, J. L. Ho,, M. L. French,, R. J. Weeks,, R. B. Kohler,, C. E. Deane,, H. E. Eitzen, and, J. D. Band. 1983. Recurrent urban histoplasmosis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 1980–1981. Am. J. Epidemiol. 118: 301– 312.
29. Snacken, R.,, A. P. Kendal,, L. R. Haaheim, and, J. M. Wood. 1999. The next influenza pandemic: lessons from Hong Kong, 1997. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5: 195– 203.
30. Subbarao, K.,, A. Klimov,, J. Katz,, H. Regnery,, W. Lim,, H. Hall,, M. Perdue,, D. Swayne,, C. Bender,, J. Huang,, M. Hemphill,, T. Rowe,, M. Shaw,, X. Xu,, K. Fukuda, and, N. Cox. 1998. Characterization of an avian influenza (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness. Science 279: 393– 396.
31. Tellier, R. 2006. Review of aerosol transmission of influenza A virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12: 1657– 1662.
32. Tertti, R.,, K. Granfors,, O.-P. Lehtonen,, J. Mertsola,, A. L. Makela,, I. Valimaki,, P. Hanninen, and, A. Toivanen. 1984. An outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection. J. Infect. Dis. 149: 245– 250.
33. Tesh, R. B. 1982. Arthritides caused by mosquito-borne viruses. Annu. Rev. Med. 33: 31– 40.
34. Treanor, J. J. 2000. Influenza virus, p. 1823–1848. In G. L. Mandell,, J. E. Bennett, and, R. Dolin (ed.), Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 5th ed. Churchill Livingstone, New York, NY.
35. Wallner-Pendleton, E., and, G. Cooper. 1983. Several outbreaks of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in California turkey flocks. Avian Dis. 27: 524– 526.
36. Wheat, J.,, G. Sarosi,, D. McKinsey,, R. Hamill,, R. Bradsher,, P. Johnson,, J. Loyd, and, C. Kauffman. 2000. Practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 30: 688– 695.
37. Wong, S. S. Y., and, K.-Y. Yuen. 2006. Avian influenza virus infections in humans. Chest 129: 156– 168.
38. World Health Organization. 2008. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of H5N1 viruses and candidate H5N1 vaccine viruses developed for potential use as human vaccines. February 2008. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/guidelines/H5VaccineVirusUpdate20080214.pdf.
39. World Health Organization. 2009. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza reported to WHO: 6 May 2009. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2009_05_06/en/index.html.
40. World Health Organization Scientific Working Group. 1980. Enteric infections due to Campylobacter, Yersinia, Salmonella and Shigella. Bull. W. H. O. 58: 519– 537.

Tables

Feathered Friends
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555815950.ch07-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555815950.ch07-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Matthew E., foaf_name=Matthew E. Levison, foaf_surname=Levison, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555815950.ch07-aff1]]}]]
Citation: Levison M. 2009. Feathered Friends, p 173-192. In Schlossberg D (ed), Infections of Leisure, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815950.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555815950.ch07.ch07tab01
TABLE 1
Bird-related diseases
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Bird-related diseases

Citation: Levison M. 2009. Feathered Friends, p 173-192. In Schlossberg D (ed), Infections of Leisure, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815950.ch7

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error