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Chapter 3 : Viral Central Nervous System Infections
Authors:
Kevin A. Cassady,
Richard J. Whitley
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year:
2009
Category: Viruses and Viral Pathogenesis
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555815981
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
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Viral Central Nervous System Infections, Page 1 of 2
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Abstract:
Viral disease in the central nervous system (CNS) can be classified by pathogenesis. Neurologic disease is frequently categorized as either primary or postinfectious. Primary encephalitis results from direct viral entry into the CNS that produces clinically evident cortical or brain stem dysfunction. Meningitis and encephalitis represent separate clinical entities; however, a continuum exists between these distinct forms of disease. A change in a patient’s clinical condition can reflect disease progression with involvement of different regions of the brain. Epidemiological data in many cases provide clues to the etiology of the illness. Viral meningitis is a relatively benign self-limited illness, and pathological specimens are rarely available for study. The diagnosis of viral meningitis relied on viral culture, and CSF viral culture rates differ based on etiology. The fundamental principle of therapy for viral meningitis lies in the identification of potentially treatable diseases. Similar to the case with viral meningitis, passive reporting systems underestimate the incidence of viral encephalitis. The pathogenesis of encephalitis requires that viruses reach the CNS by hematogenous or neuronal spread. Patients with encephalitis, depending on the etiology and extent of CNS involvement, require treatment tailored to their clinical situation. The approach to a patient with a presumed CNS viral infection must be tailored to the severity and distribution of neurologic involvement. Improvements in ability to diagnose CNS infections will produce a better understanding of the pathogenesis and true extent of CNS viral disease.
Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
Figures
Viral Central Nervous System Infections
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Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch03.ch03fig01
FIGURE 1
Body surfaces as sites of virus infection and shedding.
10.1128/9781555815981/f0034-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815981/f0034-01.gif
FIGURE 1
Body surfaces as sites of virus infection and shedding.
Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch03.ch03fig02
FIGURE 2
Routes of viral invasion of the CNS.
10.1128/9781555815981/f0034-02_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815981/f0034-02.gif
FIGURE 2
Routes of viral invasion of the CNS.
Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
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Tables
Viral Central Nervous System Infections
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Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch03.ch03tab01
TABLE 1
DNA viruses: type of disease, epidemiological data, and pathogenesis of viral infections of the CNS
TABLE 1
DNA viruses: type of disease, epidemiological data, and pathogenesis of viral infections of the CNS
Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch03.ch03tab02
TABLE 2
RNA viruses: type of disease, epidemiological data, and pathogenesis of viral infections of the CNS
a
TABLE 2
RNA viruses: type of disease, epidemiological data, and pathogenesis of viral infections of the CNS a
Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch03.ch03tab03
TABLE 3
Nonviral etiologies for encephalitis and meningitis
TABLE 3
Nonviral etiologies for encephalitis and meningitis
Citation:
Cassady K, Whitley R.
2009.
Viral Central Nervous System Infections,
p 29-44.
In
Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed),
Clinical Virology, Third Edition.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch3