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Chapter 24 : Epstein-Barr Virus

Authors: Katherine Luzuriaga, John L. Sullivan
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2009

Category: Viruses and Viral Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the subfamily of the family and is the prototype for the genus. Two types of EBV, EBV-1 and EBV-2, have been identified in most human populations. The major identified differences between the EBV-1 and EBV-2 genomes exist in the latent infection cycle nuclear antigen genes for EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2); EBNA-LP; and EBNA-3A, -3B, and -3C and in the small, nonpolyadenylated RNA EBER-1 and -2. B lymphocytes are the primary cellular reservoir of EBV infection. The initial stage of infection involves a high-affinity interaction between the major EBV outer envelope glycoprotein, gp350, with CD21 on the surface of B cells. EBER genes are the most abundantly transcribed EBV genes in latently infected cells (104 to 105 copies/cell), distantly followed by the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) gene, which, in turn, is significantly more abundant than the EBNA and LMP-2 genes. The EBV genes expressed during the late stages of lytic infection mostly encode structural viral proteins, which permit virion maintenance and egress. The viral glycoproteins are all encoded by late genes, which are of potential importance in antibody-mediated immunity to EBV. The recent demonstration that EBV can infect smooth-muscle cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals may help explain the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of leiomyomas.

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
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Epstein-Barr Virus
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Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch24.ch24fig01
FIGURE 1
Schematic depiction of the linear EBV genome. TR, terminal repeat; IR, internal repeat. (Adapted from reference with permission.)
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10.1128/9781555815981/f0522-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Schematic depiction of the linear EBV genome. TR, terminal repeat; IR, internal repeat. (Adapted from reference with permission.)

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
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FIGURE 2
Transcription of the EBV episome in latently infected B lymphocytes. TR, terminal repeat; IR, internal repeat. (Adapted from reference with permission.)
10.1128/9781555815981/f0523-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815981/f0523-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Transcription of the EBV episome in latently infected B lymphocytes. TR, terminal repeat; IR, internal repeat. (Adapted from reference with permission.)

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
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FIGURE 3
EBV manipulates normal B-cell biology to establish a memory B-cell reservoir of infection. GC, germinal center. (Adapted from reference ; copyright 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society [all rights reserved].)
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10.1128/9781555815981/f0525-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

EBV manipulates normal B-cell biology to establish a memory B-cell reservoir of infection. GC, germinal center. (Adapted from reference ; copyright 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society [all rights reserved].)

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
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FIGURE 4
Pathogenesis of EBV infection. (Adapted from reference with permission of the American Society of Hematology.)
10.1128/9781555815981/f0527-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815981/f0527-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4

Pathogenesis of EBV infection. (Adapted from reference with permission of the American Society of Hematology.)

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
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FIGURE 5
Characteristic EBV-specific antibody responses observed in young adults with AIM.
10.1128/9781555815981/f0527-02_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815981/f0527-02.gif
Image of FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5

Characteristic EBV-specific antibody responses observed in young adults with AIM.

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
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Tables

Epstein-Barr Virus
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Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch24.ch24tab01
TABLE 1
Frequency of EBV-associated posttransplant LPD
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Frequency of EBV-associated posttransplant LPD

Citation: Luzuriaga K, Sullivan J. 2009. Epstein-Barr Virus, p 521-536. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch24

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