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Chapter 40 : Rhabdoviruses

Authors: Thomas P. Bleck, Charles E. Rupprecht
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2009

Category: Viruses and Viral Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

Rabies virus stands apart as the most uniformly fatal of all viruses and remains one of the most common viral causes of mortality in the developing world. Much of the basic virology of the rhabdoviruses has been elucidated by studies of vesiculoviruses. The epidemiology of human rabies primarily reflects that of animal rabies in the community. Cases of animal rabies throughout the world can be separated into two groups. In the developing world, rabies is predominantly a problem of domestic animals, with a smaller contribution from wild animals. In the more developed nations, animal control procedures have largely eliminated rabies from domestic animals, and wild animals are the major groups affected. The human immune response to natural rabies virus infection is insufficient to prevent disease. Human rabies virus infections are typically divided into two forms: furious and paralytic (or dumb). Furious rabies patients who receive maximal intensive care support and survive for a longer-than expected period appear to pass in the paralytic phase prior to death. Any levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are diagnostically valuable; this is true even for patients who have received postexposure prophylaxis. The currently employed human vaccines in the United States include human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) and purified chicken embryo vaccine (PCEC). These vaccines are remarkably safe and immunogenic.

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40

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Rhabdoviruses
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Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40fig01
FIGURE 1
Reported cases of animal rabies in the United States by year through 2006. Data are from the National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases. Numbers on the axis are in thousands. (Source: CDC Annual Summaries of Notifiable Diseases.)
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10.1128/9781555815981/f0908-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Reported cases of animal rabies in the United States by year through 2006. Data are from the National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne, and Enteric Diseases. Numbers on the axis are in thousands. (Source: CDC Annual Summaries of Notifiable Diseases.)

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
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FIGURE 2
Negri bodies. (A) Negri body in a pyramidal neuron; (B) Negri body in a cerebellar Purkinje cell.
10.1128/9781555815981/f0910-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555815981/f0910-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Negri bodies. (A) Negri body in a pyramidal neuron; (B) Negri body in a cerebellar Purkinje cell.

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
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FIGURE 3
T2-weighted magnetic resonance image from a patient with rabies. (Reprinted from reference with permission of Elsevier.)
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10.1128/9781555815981/f0914-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

T2-weighted magnetic resonance image from a patient with rabies. (Reprinted from reference with permission of Elsevier.)

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
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Tables

Rhabdoviruses
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Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab01
TABLE 1
Members of the genus
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Members of the genus

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab02
TABLE 2
Vesiculoviruses reported to cause human infection
Generic image for table
TABLE 2

Vesiculoviruses reported to cause human infection

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab03
TABLE 3
Rhabdoviral genes and their products
Generic image for table
TABLE 3

Rhabdoviral genes and their products

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab04
TABLE 4
Histologic markers of rabies
Generic image for table
TABLE 4

Histologic markers of rabies

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab05
TABLE 5
Approximate mortality rates in nonvaccinated patients after exposure to rabid dogs
Generic image for table
TABLE 5

Approximate mortality rates in nonvaccinated patients after exposure to rabid dogs

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab06
TABLE 6
Durations of different stages of rabies
Generic image for table
TABLE 6

Durations of different stages of rabies

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40
/content/10.1128/9781555815981.ch40.ch40tab07
TABLE 7
Susceptibilities of various animal species to rabies
Generic image for table
TABLE 7

Susceptibilities of various animal species to rabies

Citation: Bleck T, Rupprecht C. 2009. Rhabdoviruses, p 905-922. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Third Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555815981.ch40

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