1887

Chapter 11 : Tissue Nematodes

Editor: Lynne S. Garcia1
VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
Affiliations: 1: LSG & Associates, Santa Monica, California
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2007

Category: Clinical Microbiology

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.

Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

Tissue Nematodes, Page 1 of 2

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555816018/9781555813802_Chap11-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555816018/9781555813802_Chap11-2.gif

Abstract:

This chapter begins with a discussion on spp. Studies of isolates of spp. from Arctic, temperate, and tropical areas have confirmed that there are major differences related to their genetic structure and overall biology. The chapter next focuses on . There is no effective cure for infection; treatment is symptomatic and involves systemic corticosteroids and anthelmintic agents. An excellent review of the diagnostic morphology of four larval ascaridoid nematodes that may cause visceral larva migrans (VLM) include identification keys for , , , and . VLM symptoms caused by spp. must be differentiated from those caused by other tissue-migrating helminths (ascarids, hookworm, filariae, spp., and spp.), as well as other hypereosinophilic syndromes. Diethylcarbamazine, thiabendazole, ivermectin, and albendazole are effective in some cases but not in others. Corticosteroids may also be given to patients with VLM or ocular larva migrans (OLM). Various reports were published during the late 1800s; however, it was not until 1926 that the most common etiologic agent of cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) in the southern United States was found to be , a very common hookworm of dogs and cats. , the common hookworm of dogs, has been implicated in cases of CLM. Other species are also capable of producing CLM, although they are less common than . The chapter also focuses on , , and spp.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

Figures

Tissue Nematodes
Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig01
Figure 11.1
Life cycle of spp. A number of infected meat sources other than pork are relevant for the various species of
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig1.gif
Image of Figure 11.1
Figure 11.1

Life cycle of spp. A number of infected meat sources other than pork are relevant for the various species of

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig02
Figure 11.2
spp., encysted larva in muscle. (Illustration by Sharon Belkin.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig2.gif
Image of Figure 11.2
Figure 11.2

spp., encysted larva in muscle. (Illustration by Sharon Belkin.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig03
Figure 11.3
(A) , encysted larva in muscle (×85). Adjacent muscle has been replaced by fibrous tissue and is infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.) (B) Coiled larva of in a teased muscle preparation (wet mount, ×193). (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig3.gif
Image of Figure 11.3
Figure 11.3

(A) , encysted larva in muscle (×85). Adjacent muscle has been replaced by fibrous tissue and is infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.) (B) Coiled larva of in a teased muscle preparation (wet mount, ×193). (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig04
Figure 11.4
Unencapsulated (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig4.gif
Image of Figure 11.4
Figure 11.4

Unencapsulated (Image courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11figA1
Algorithm 11.1
Diagnosis of trichinosis.
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11alg1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11alg1.gif
Image of Algorithm 11.1
Algorithm 11.1

Diagnosis of trichinosis.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig05
Figure 11.5
Life cycle of Accidental infection in the human leads to visceral larva migrans (VLM), ocular larva migrans (OLM), and/or neural larva migrans (NLM), which are very serious diseases that can cause death. Infections are seen primarily in very young children.
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig5_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig5.gif
Image of Figure 11.5
Figure 11.5

Life cycle of Accidental infection in the human leads to visceral larva migrans (VLM), ocular larva migrans (OLM), and/or neural larva migrans (NLM), which are very serious diseases that can cause death. Infections are seen primarily in very young children.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig06
Figure 11.6
eggs; note the larvae within the egg shells. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig6_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig6.gif
Image of Figure 11.6
Figure 11.6

eggs; note the larvae within the egg shells. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig07
Figure 11.7
, CNS atrophy, sclerosis, and larval granuloma in the brain in a 2-year-old boy who died following 14 months of CNS problems. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of K. R. Kazacos.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig7_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig7.gif
Image of Figure 11.7
Figure 11.7

, CNS atrophy, sclerosis, and larval granuloma in the brain in a 2-year-old boy who died following 14 months of CNS problems. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of K. R. Kazacos.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig08
Figure 11.8
(A) , larva in the brain of an 18-month-old boy who died after a 3-week bout of CNS disease. (B) Mesenteric granuloma from the same patient. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of K. R. Kazacos.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig8_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig8.gif
Image of Figure 11.8
Figure 11.8

(A) , larva in the brain of an 18-month-old boy who died after a 3-week bout of CNS disease. (B) Mesenteric granuloma from the same patient. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of K. R. Kazacos.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig09
Figure 11.9
egg; note the pits in the egg shell (somewhat similar to eggs). (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig9_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig9.gif
Image of Figure 11.9
Figure 11.9

egg; note the pits in the egg shell (somewhat similar to eggs). (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig10
Figure 11.10
Life cycle of spp., the cause of visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM).
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig10_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig10.gif
Image of Figure 11.10
Figure 11.10

Life cycle of spp., the cause of visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM).

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig11
Figure 11.11
: (A) immature egg; (B) mature egg containing larva; (C) adult worms. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig11_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig11.gif
Image of Figure 11.11
Figure 11.11

: (A) immature egg; (B) mature egg containing larva; (C) adult worms. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11figA2
Algorithm 11.2
Diagnosis of toxocariasis.
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11alg2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11alg2.gif
Image of Algorithm 11.2
Algorithm 11.2

Diagnosis of toxocariasis.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig12
Figure 11.12
Life cycle of spp., the cause of cutaneous larva migrans (CLM).
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig12_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig12.gif
Image of Figure 11.12
Figure 11.12

Life cycle of spp., the cause of cutaneous larva migrans (CLM).

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig13
Figure 11.13
Linear tracks caused by migration of spp. (cutaneous larva migrans [CLM]). (From a Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig13_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig13.gif
Image of Figure 11.13
Figure 11.13

Linear tracks caused by migration of spp. (cutaneous larva migrans [CLM]). (From a Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig14
Figure 11.14
, blister on leg (contains female worm); note removal of the adult worm. (Illustration by Sharon Belkin.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig14_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig14.gif
Image of Figure 11.14
Figure 11.14

, blister on leg (contains female worm); note removal of the adult worm. (Illustration by Sharon Belkin.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig15
Figure 11.15
Life cycle of the cause of guinea worm disease.
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig15_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig15.gif
Image of Figure 11.15
Figure 11.15

Life cycle of the cause of guinea worm disease.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig16
Figure 11.16
, adult worm in subcutaneous tissues below the breast. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of J. Donges.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig16_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig16.gif
Image of Figure 11.16
Figure 11.16

, adult worm in subcutaneous tissues below the breast. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of J. Donges.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig17
Figure 11.17
, abscess caused by developing worm. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig17_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig17.gif
Image of Figure 11.17
Figure 11.17

, abscess caused by developing worm. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig18
Figure 11.18
infection. Blisters develop in the skin, usually on the lower extremities, when the gravid female worm approaches the surface of the skin. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig18_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig18.gif
Image of Figure 11.18
Figure 11.18

infection. Blisters develop in the skin, usually on the lower extremities, when the gravid female worm approaches the surface of the skin. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig19
Figure 11.19
Female worm being removed by winding on a stick. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph; contributed by Everett L. Schiller, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig19_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig19.gif
Image of Figure 11.19
Figure 11.19

Female worm being removed by winding on a stick. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph; contributed by Everett L. Schiller, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig20
Figure 11.20
Extraction of The stick has been removed, and larvae have been squeezed from the flattened exterior portion of the worm. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph; contributed by Everett L. Schiller, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig20_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig20.gif
Image of Figure 11.20
Figure 11.20

Extraction of The stick has been removed, and larvae have been squeezed from the flattened exterior portion of the worm. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph; contributed by Everett L. Schiller, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig21
Figure 11.21
Life cycle of spp. [see (1) in figure]. Humans present with encephalitis when worms die in the brain tissue.
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig21_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig21.gif
Image of Figure 11.21
Figure 11.21

Life cycle of spp. [see (1) in figure]. Humans present with encephalitis when worms die in the brain tissue.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig22
Figure 11.22
in the central canal of the spinal cord. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig22_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig22.gif
Image of Figure 11.22
Figure 11.22

in the central canal of the spinal cord. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig23
Figure 11.23
adult male worm in the eye. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig23_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig23.gif
Image of Figure 11.23
Figure 11.23

adult male worm in the eye. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig24
Figure 11.24
Life cycle of
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig24_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig24.gif
Image of Figure 11.24
Figure 11.24

Life cycle of

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig25
Figure 11.25
, adult worm. [Illustration by Sharon Belkin; adapted from reference ; originally adapted from I. Miyazaki, Studies on occurring in Japan (Nematoda: Gnathostomidae). II. Life history of and morphological comparison of its larval forms, 123–140, 1954.]
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig25_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig25.gif
Image of Figure 11.25
Figure 11.25

, adult worm. [Illustration by Sharon Belkin; adapted from reference ; originally adapted from I. Miyazaki, Studies on occurring in Japan (Nematoda: Gnathostomidae). II. Life history of and morphological comparison of its larval forms, 123–140, 1954.]

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig26
Figure 11.26
Head of adult gnathostoma. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig26_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig26.gif
Image of Figure 11.26
Figure 11.26

Head of adult gnathostoma. (Armed Forces Institute of Pathology photograph.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig27
Figure 11.27
Life cycle of , and spp. (larval nematodes acquired from saltwater fish).
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig27_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig27.gif
Image of Figure 11.27
Figure 11.27

Life cycle of , and spp. (larval nematodes acquired from saltwater fish).

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig28
Figure 11.28
Scanning electron micrograph of an larva penetrating human stomach tissue in vitro. Note the tunnel created in the mucosa and the burrow in the submucosa. (Reprinted with permission from J. A. Sakanari and J. H. McKerrow, Identification of the secreted neutral proteases from . 625–630, 1990.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig28_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig28.gif
Image of Figure 11.28
Figure 11.28

Scanning electron micrograph of an larva penetrating human stomach tissue in vitro. Note the tunnel created in the mucosa and the burrow in the submucosa. (Reprinted with permission from J. A. Sakanari and J. H. McKerrow, Identification of the secreted neutral proteases from . 625–630, 1990.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig29
Figure 11.29
(A) in fish flesh. (B) Larval nematodes in fish viscera. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of L. A. Jensen.)
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig29_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig29.gif
Image of Figure 11.29
Figure 11.29

(A) in fish flesh. (B) Larval nematodes in fish viscera. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman. Photograph courtesy of L. A. Jensen.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11fig30
Figure 11.30
eggs in liver. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.) For information on intestinal capillariasis with , see chapter 10.
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig30_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816018/ch11fig30.gif
Image of Figure 11.30
Figure 11.30

eggs in liver. (From A Pictorial Presentation of Parasites: A cooperative collection prepared and/or edited by H. Zaiman.) For information on intestinal capillariasis with , see chapter 10.

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint

References

/content/book/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
1. Abramowicz, M. (ed.). 2004. Drugs for parasitic infections. Med. Lett. Drugs Ther. 46: 1– 12.
2. Akahane, H.,, M. Sano, and, M. Kobayashi. 1998. Three cases of human gnathostomiasis caused by Gnathostoma hispidum, with particular reference to the identification of parasitic larvae. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 29: 611– 614.
3. Alicata, J. E. 1991. The discovery of Angiostrongylus cantonensis as a cause of human eosinophilic meningitis. Parasitol. Today 7: 151– 153.
4. Anderson, B. C. 1999. Congenital Baylisascaris sp. larval migrans in a newborn lamb. J. Parasitol. 85: 128– 129.
5. Appleyard, G. D.,, D. Zarlenga,, E. Pozio, and, A. A. Gajadhar. 1999. Differentiation of Trichinella antigen of larval Trichinella pseudospiralis. Parasitol. Res. 85: 685– 691.
6. Ashwath, M. L.,, D. R. Robinson, and, H. P. Katner. 2004. A presumptive case of toxocariasis associated with eosinophilic pleural effusion: case report and literature review. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 71: 764.
7. Assis, B. C.,, L. M. Cunha,, A. P. Baptista, and, Z. A. Andrade. 2004. A contribution to the diagnosis of Capillaria hepatica infection by indirect immunofluorescence test. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 99: 173– 177.
8. Bachli, H.,, J. C. Minet, and, O. Gratzl. 2004. Cerebral toxocariasis: a possible cause of epileptic seizure in children. Childs Nerv. Syst. 20: 468– 472.
9. Baeza, M. L.,, A. Rodriguez,, V. Matheu,, M. Rubio,, P. Tornero,, M. de Barrio,, T. Herrero,, M. Santoalalla, and, J. M. Zubeldia. 2004. Characterization of allergens secreted by Anisakis simplex parasite: clinical relevance in comparison with somatic allergens. Clin. Exp. Allergy 34: 296– 302.
10. Beaver, P. C.,, R. C. Jung, and, E. W. Cupp. 1984. Clinical Parasitology, 9th ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, Pa.
11. Boulos, L. M.,, I. R. Ibrahim,, A. Y. Negm, and, S. M. Aly. 2001. Detection of coproantigen in early trichinellosis. Parasite 8: S136– S139.
12. Bowman, D. D. 1987. Diagnostic morphology of four larval ascaridoid nematodes that may cause visceral larva migrans: Toxascaris leonina, Baylisascaris procyonis, Lagochilascaris sprenti, and Hexametra leidyi. J. Parasitol. 73: 1198– 1215.
13. Brenner, M. A.,, and M. B. Patel. 2003. Cutaneous larva migrans: the creeping eruption. Cutis 72: 111– 115.
14. Bunnag, T. 2000. Gnathostomiasis, p. 790–792. In G. T. Strickland (ed.), Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. The W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
15. Cairncross, S.,, R. Muller, and, N. Zagaria. 2002. Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) and the eradication initiative. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 15: 223– 246.
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Trichinellosis associated with bear meat—New York and Tennessee, 2003. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 53: 606– 610.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Progress toward global eradication of dracunculiasis, January 2004–July 2005. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 54: 1075– 1077.
18. Chai, J. Y.,, E. T. Han,, E. H. Shin,, J. H. Park. J. P. Chu,, M. Hirota,, F. Nakamura-Uchiyama, and, Y. Nawa. 2003. An outbreak of gnathostomiasis among Korean emigrants in Myanmar. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 69: 67– 73.
19. Chen, X. G.,, H. Li, and, Z. R. Lun. 2005. Angiostrongyliasis, mainland China. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 1645– 1647.
20. Chorazy, M. L.,, and D. J. Richardson. 2005. A survey of environmental contamination with ascarid ova, Wallingford, Connecticut. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 5: 33– 39.
21. Croese, J. 1988. Eosinophilic enteritis—a recent North Queensland experience. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 18: 848– 853.
22. Croese, J. 1995. Seasonal influence on human enteric infection by Ancylostoma caninum. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53: 158– 161.
23. Daschner, A.,, A. Alonso-Gomez,, T. Caballero,, J. M. Suarez-De-Parga, and, M. C. Lopez-Serrano. 1999. Usefulness of early serial measurement of specific and total immunoglobulin E in the diagnosis of gastroallergic anisakiasis. Clin. Exp. Allergy 29: 1260– 1264.
24. Daschner, A.,, and C. Y. Pascual. 2005. Anisakis simplex: sensitization and clinical allergy. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 5: 281– 285.
25. Daschner, A.,, F. Vega de la Osada, and, C. Y. Pascual. 2005. Allergy and parasites reevaluated: wide-scale induction of chronic urticaria by the ubiquitous fish-nematode Anisakis simplex in an endemic region. Allergol. Immunopathol. 33: 31– 37.
26. del Pozo, V.,, I. Arrieta,, T. Tunon,, I. Cortegano,, B. Gomez,, B. Cardaba,, S. Gallardo,, M. Rogo,, G. Renedo,, P. Palomino,, A. I. Tabar, and, C. Lahoz. 1999. Immunopathogenesis of human gastrointestinal infection by Anisakis simplex. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 104: 637– 643.
27. Despommier, D. 2003. Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 16: 265– 272.
28. Diaz-Camacho, S. P.,, K. Willms,, M. C. de la Cruz-Otero,, M. L. Zazueta-Ramos,, S. Bayliss-Gaxiola,, R. Castro-Valazquez,, I. Osuna-Ramirez,, A. Bojorquez-Contreras,, E. H. Torres-Montoya, and, S. Sanchez-Gonzales. 2003. Acute outbreak of gnathostomiasis in a fishing community in Sinaloa, Mexico. Parasitol. Int. 52: 133– 140.
29. Eberhard, M. L.,, E. K. Nace,, K. Y. Won,, G. A. Punkosdy,, H. S. Bishop, and, S. P. Johnston. 2003. Baylisascaris procyonis in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9: 1636– 1637.
30. Feldman, G. J.,, and H. W. Parker. 1992. Visceral larva migrans associated with the hypereosinophilic syndrome and the onset of severe asthma. Ann. Intern. Med. 116: 838– 840.
31. Gamble, H. R.,, E. Pozio,, J. R. Lichtenfels,, D. S. Zarlenga, and, D. E. Hill. 2005. Trichinella pseudospiralis from a wild pig in Texas. Vet. Parasitol. 132: 147– 150.
32. Gavin, P. J.,, K. R. Kazacos, and, S. T. Shulman. 2005. Baylisascariasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18: 703– 718.
33. Gomez-Garcia, V.,, J. Hernandez-Quero, and, M. Rodriguez-Osorio. 2003. Short report: human infection with Trichinella britovi in Granada, Spain. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68: 463– 464.
34. Hamidou, M. A.,, B. Gueglio,, E. Cassagneau,, D. Trewick, and, J. Y. Grolleau. 1999. Henoch-Schonlein purpura associated with Toxocara canis infection. J. Rheumatol. 26: 443– 445.
35. Hopkins, D. R.,, E. Ruiz-Tiben,, P. Downs,, P. C. Withers, Jr., and, J. H. Maguire. 2005. Dracunculiasis eradication: the final inch. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73: 669– 675.
36. Jacquier, P.,, B. Gottstein,, Y. Stingelin, and, J. Eckert. 1991. Immunodiagnosis of toxocarosis in humans: evaluation of a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29: 1831– 1835.
37. Jongwutiwes, S.,, N. Chantachum,, P. Kraivichian,, P. Sirlyasatien,, C. Putaporntip,, A. Tamburrini,, G. Larosa,, C. Sreesunpasirikul,, P. Yingyourd, and, E. Pozio. 1998. First outbreak of human trichinellosis caused by Trichinella pseudospiralis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26: 111– 115.
38. Kabaalioglu, A.,, K. Ceken,, E. Alimoglu,, R. Saba, and, A. Apaydin. 2005. Hepatic toxocariasis: US, CT and MRI findings. Ultraschall. Med. 26: 329– 332.
39. Kagialis-Girard, S.,, V. Mialou,, M. Ffrench,, S. Dupuis-Girod,, M. P. Pages, and, Y. Bertrand. 2005. Thrombocytosis and toxocariasis: report of two pediatric cases. Pediatr. Blood Cancer 44: 190– 192.
40. Kapel, C. M. 2005. Changes in the EU legislation on Trichinella inspection—new challenges in the epidemiology. Vet. Parasitol. 132: 189– 194.
41. Kapel, C. M. O.,, P. Webster,, P. Lind,, E. Posio,, S. A. Henriksen,, K. D. Murrell, and, P. Nansen. 1998. Trichinella spiralis, T. britovi, and T. nativa: infectivity, larval distribution in muscle, and antibody response after experimental infection in pigs. Parasitol. Res. 84: 264– 271.
42. Klenzak, J.,, A. Mattia,, A. Valenti, and, J. Goldberg. 2005. Hepatic capillariasis in Maine presenting as a hepatic mass. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72: 651– 653.
43. Kraus, A.,, X. Valencia,, A. R. Cabral, and, G. de la Vega. 1995. Visceral larva migrans mimicking rheumatic diseases. J. Rheumatol. 22: 497– 500.
44. Kuratli, S.,, J. G. Lindh,, B. Gottstein,, D. F. Smith, and, B. Connolly. 1999. Trichinella spp.: differential expression of two genes in the muscle larva of encapsulating and non-encapsulating species. Exp. Parasitol. 93: 153– 159.
45. La Rosa, G.,, G. Marucci, and, E. Pozio. 2003. Biochemical analysis of encapsulated and non-encapsulated species of Trichinella (Nematoda, Trichinellidae) from cold- and warm-blooded animals reveals a high genetic divergence in the genus. Parasitol. Res. 91: 462– 466.
46. Lorenzo, S.,, R. Iglesias,, M. T. Audicana,, R. Garcia-Vellaescusa,, F. Pardo,, M. L. Sanmartin, and, F. M. Ubeira. 1999. Human immunoglobulin isotype profiles produced in response to antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies specific to Anisakis simplex. Clin. Exp. Allergy 29: 1095– 1101.
47. Loukas, A.,, J. Opderbeeck,, J. Croese, and, P. Prociv. 1994. Immunologic incrimination of Ancylostoma caninum as a human enteric pathogen. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 50: 69– 77.
48. Markell, E. K.,, M. Voge, and, D. T. John. 1992. Medical Parasitology, 7th ed. The W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
49. Marva, E.,, A. Markovics,, M. Gdalevich,, N. Asor,, C. Sadik, and, A. Leventhal. 2005. Trichinellosis outbreak. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 1979– 1981.
50. Matsuoka, H.,, T. Nakama,, H. Kisanuki,, H. Uno,, N. Tachibana,, H. Tsubouchi,, Y. Horii, and, Y. Nawa. 1994. A case report of serologically diagnosed pulmonary anisakiasis with pleural effusion and multiple lesions. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 51: 819– 822.
51. Mets, M. B.,, A. G. Noble,, S. Basti,, P. Gavin,, A. T. Davis,, S. T. Shulman, and, K. R. Kozacos. 2003. Eye findings of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis and multiple choroidal infiltrates associated with neural larva migrans due to Baylisascaris procyonis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 135: 888– 890.
52. Miller, C. L.,, J. M. Kinsella,, M. M. Garner,, S. Evans,, P. A. Gullett, and, R. E. Schmidt, 2006. Endemic infections of Parastrongylus (= Angiostrongylus) costaricensis in two species of nonhuman primates, raccoons, and an opossum from Miami, Florida. J. Parasitol. 92: 406– 408.
53. Minvielle, M. C.,, G. Niedfeld,, M. L. Ciarmela,, A. De Falco,, H. Ghiani, and, J. A. Basualdo. 1999. Asthma and covert toxocariasis. Med. Buenos Aires 59: 243– 248.
54. Moorhead, A.,, P. E. Grunenwald,, V. J. Dietz, and, P. M. Schantz. 1999. Trichinellosis in the United States, 1991–1996: declining but not gone. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 60: 66– 69.
55. Moreira-Silva, S. F.,, M. G. Rodrigues,, J. L. Pimenta,, C. P. Gomes,, L. H. Freire, and, F. E. L. Pereira. 2004. Toxocariasis of the central nervous system: with report of two cases. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 37: 169– 174.
56. Murrell, K. D. 2000. Trichinosis, p. 780–787. In G. T. Strickland (ed.), Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. The W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
57. Murrell, K. D.,, M. Djordjevic,, K. Cuperlovic,, L. J. Sofronic,, M. Savic,, M. Djordjevic, and, S. Damjanovic. 2004. Epidemiology of Trichinella infection in the horse: the risk from animal product feeding practices. Vet. Parasitol. 123: 223– 233.
58. Nagakura, K.,, S. Kanno,, H. Tachibana,, Y. Kaneda,, M. Ohkido,, K. Kondo, and, H. Inoue. 1990. Serologic differentiation between Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. J. Infect. Dis. 162: 1418– 1419.
59. Nagano, I.,, Z. Wu,, A. Matsuo,, E. Pozio, and, Y. Takahashi. 1999. Identification of Trichinella isolates by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit I gene. Int. J. Parasitol. 29: 1113– 1120.
60. Nawa, Y.,, J. Imai,, K. Ogata, and, K. Otsuka. 1989. The first record of a confirmed human case of Gnathostoma doloresi infection. J. Parasitol. 75: 166– 169.
61. New, D.,, M. D. Little, and, J. Cross. 1995. Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection from eating raw snails. N. Engl. J. Med. 332: 1105– 1106.
62. Obwaller, A.,, E. Jensen-Jarolim,, H. Auer,, A. Huber,, D. Kraft, and, H. Aspock. 1998. Toxocara infestations in humans: symptomatic course of toxocariasis correlates significantly with levels of IgE/anti-IgE immune complexes. Parasite Immunol. 20: 311– 317.
63. Okoye, S. N.,, C. O. E. Onwuliri, and, J. C. Anosike. 1995. A survey of predilection sites and the degree of disability associated with guineaworm ( Dracunculus medinensis). Int. J. Parasitol. 25: 1127– 1129.
64. Otranto, D.,, and D. Traversa. 2005. Thelazia eyeworm: an original endo-and ectoparasitic nematode. Trends Parasitol. 21: 1– 4.
65. Owen, I. L.,, E. Pozio,, A. Tamburrini,, R. T. Danaya,, F. Bruschi, and, M. A. G. Morales. 2001. Focus of human trichinellosis in Papua New Guinea. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 65: 553– 557.
66. Ozeretskovskaya, N. N.,, L. G. Mikhailova,, T. P. Sabgaida, and, A. S. Dovgalev. 2005. New trends and clinical patterns of human trichinellosis in Russia at the beginning of the XXI century. Vet. Parasitol. 132: 167– 171.
67. Paco, J. M.,, D. M. B. Campos, and, J. A. de Oliveira. 1999. Wild rodents as experimental intermediate hosts of Lagochilascaris minor Leiper, 1909. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 94: 441– 449.
68. Palm, H. W. 1999. Ecology of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from Antarctic waters. Parasitol. Res. 85: 638– 646.
69. Pozio, E. 1998. Trichinellosis in the European Union: epidemiology, ecology and economic impact. Parasitol. Today 14: 35– 40.
70. Pozio, E. 2005. The broad spectrum of Trichinella hosts: from cold- to warm-blooded animals. Vet. Parasitol. 132: 3– 11.
71. Pozio, E.,, M. Goffredo,, R. Fico, and, G. La Rosa. 1999. Trichinella pseudospiralis in sedentary night-birds of prey from Central Italy. J. Parasitol. 85: 759– 761.
72. Pozio, E.,, G. Marucci,, A. Casulli,, L. Sacchi,, S. Mukaratirwa,, C. M. Foggin, and, G. La Rosa. 2004. Trichinella papuae and Trichinella zimbabwensis induce infection in experimentally infected varans, caimans, pythons, and turtles. Parasitology 128: 333– 342.
73. Pozio, E.,, I. L. Owen,, G. La Rosa,, L. Sacchi,, P. Rossi, and, S. Corona. 1999. Trichinella papuae n.sp. (Nematoda), a new non-encapsulated species from domestic and sylvatic swine of Papua, New Guinea. Int. J. Parasitol. 29: 1825– 1839.
74. Pozio, E.,, D. B. Pence,, G. La Rosa,, A. Casulli, and, S. E. Henke. 2001. Trichinella infection in wildlife of the southwestern United States. J. Parasitol. 87: 1208– 1210.
75. Prociv, P.,, and J. Croese. 1990. Human eosinophilic enteritis caused by dog hookworm Ancylostoma caninum. Lancet 335: 1299– 1302.
76. Ranque, S.,, B. Faugère,, E. Pozio,, G. La Rosa,, A. Tamburrini,, J. F. Pellissier, and, P. Brouqui. 2000. Trichinella pseudospiralis outbreak in France. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 6: 543– 547.
77. Rodriguez-Osorio, M.,, J. M. Abad,, T. de Haro,, R. Villa-Real, and, V. Gomez-Garcia. 1999. Human trichinellosis in southern Spain: serologic and epidemiologic study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 61: 834– 837.
78. Roy, S. L.,, A. S. Lopez, and, P. M. Schantz. 2003. Trichinellosis surveillance—United States, 1997–2001. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 52: 1– 8.
79. Salem, G.,, and P. Schantz. 1992. Toxocaral visceral larva migrans after ingestion of raw lamb liver. Clin. Infect. Dis. 15: 743– 744.
80. Schantz, P. M. 2000, Toxocariasis, p. 787–787. In G. T. Strickland (ed.), Hunter’s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. The W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, Pa.
81. Seguchi, K.,, M. Matsuno,, H. Kataoka,, T. Kobayashi,, H. Maruyama,, H. Itoh,, M. Koono, and, Y. Nawa. 1995. A case report of colonic ileus due to eosinophilic nodular lesions caused by Gnathostoma doloresi infection. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53: 263– 266.
82. Shields, B. A.,, P. Bird,, W. J. Liss,, K. L. Groves,, R. Olsen, and, P. A. Rossignol. 2002. The nematode Anisakis simplex in American shad ( Alosa sapidissima) in two Oregon rivers. J. Parasitol. 88: 1033– 1035.
83. Shin, S. S.,, F. Elvinger,, A. K. Prestwood, and, J. R. Cole. 1997. Exposure of swine to Trichinella spiralis antigen as determined by consecutive ELISAs and Western blot. J. Parasitol. 83: 430– 433.
84. Su, X.,, and A. K. Prestwood. 1991. A dot-ELISA mimicry western blot test for the detection of swine trichinellosis. J. Parasitol. 77: 76– 82.
85. Taylor, M. R. H.,, P. O’Connor,, A. R. Hinson, and, H. V. Smith. 1996. Toxocara titers in maternal and cord blood. J. Infect. 32: 231– 233.
86. Teyssot, N.,, N. Cassoux,, P. Lehoang, and, B. Bodaghi. 2005. Fuchs heterochromic cyclitis and ocular toxocariasis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 139: 915– 916.
87. Tiberio, G.,, G. Lanzas,, M. I. Galarza,, J. Sanchez,, I. Quilez, and, V. Martinez Artola. 1995. Short report: an outbreak of trichinosis in Navarra, Spain. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53: 241– 242.
88. Tran, V. T.,, L. Lumbroso,, P. LeHoang, and, C. P. Herbort. 1999. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in peripheral retinovitreal toxocariasis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 127: 607– 609.
89. Vidal, J. E.,, J. Sztajnbok, and, A. C. Seguro. 2003. Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Toxocara canis: case report and review of the literature. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 69: 341– 343.
90. Wang, Z. Q.,, J. Cui, and, L. J. Shen. 2005. The epidemiology of animal trichinellosis in China. Vet. J. 12 Sept. [Epub ahead of print]
91. Wang, Z. Q.,, J. Cui,, F. Wu,, F. R. Mao, and, X. X. Jin. 1998. Epidemiological, clinical and serological studies on trichinellosis in Henan Province, China. Acta Trop. 71: 255– 268.
92. Yen, C.-M.,, and E.-R. Chen. 1991. Detection of antibodies to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with eosinophilic meningitis. Int. J. Parasitol. 21: 17– 21.
93. Yera, H.,, S. Andiva,, C. Perret,, D. Limonne,, P. Boireau, and, J. Dupouy-Camet. 2003. Development and evaluation of a Western blot kit for diagnosis of human trichinellosis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10: 793– 796.

Tables

Tissue Nematodes
Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab01
Table 11.1
Characteristics of species
Generic image for table
Table 11.1

Characteristics of species

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab02
Table 11.2
spp.: encapsulated and nonencapsulated species
Generic image for table
Table 11.2

spp.: encapsulated and nonencapsulated species

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab03
Table 11.3
Tissue nematodes
Generic image for table
Table 11.3

Tissue nematodes

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab04
Table 11.4
: life cycle stages and clinical conditions
Generic image for table
Table 11.4

: life cycle stages and clinical conditions

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab05
Table 11.5
Trichinosis: incubation period, larval numbers, and degree of illness
Generic image for table
Table 11.5

Trichinosis: incubation period, larval numbers, and degree of illness

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab06
Table 11.6
Outbreaks due to consumption of spp. in horse meat
Generic image for table
Table 11.6

Outbreaks due to consumption of spp. in horse meat

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab07
Table 11.7
Trichinellosis: prevention and control measures
Generic image for table
Table 11.7

Trichinellosis: prevention and control measures

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555816018.ch11.ch11tab08
Table 11.8
Differential diagnosis of infection
Generic image for table
Table 11.8

Differential diagnosis of infection

Citation: Garcia L. 2007. Tissue Nematodes, p 283-318. In Diagnostic Medical Parasitology, Fifth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816018.ch11

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error