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Chapter 1 : Implications of Antimicrobial Agents as Therapeutics and Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production

Author: Patrick Boerlin1
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2010

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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Implications of Antimicrobial Agents as Therapeutics and Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production, Page 1 of 2

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Abstract:

This chapter provides an overview of antimicrobial use in animals and of the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal bacteria and zoonotic agents. It demonstrates the need for alternatives to antimicrobial agents, such as bacteriophages, to preserve the safety of human food and to control the spread of zoonotic agents from animals to humans. The families of antimicrobial agents and many of the actual active substances used in farm animals and human medicine are the same. Among pathogenic from swine and poultry in North America, resistance frequencies between 20 and 100% for important antimicrobial agents used in therapy and prevention, such as apramycin, neomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfonamide, can be observed. Thus, besides strategies to reduce resistance levels for existing antimicrobial agents, truly new molecules, not just modifications of existing molecules with slightly different activity spectra or pharmacokinetics, would be needed to circumvent this resistance problem. In the meanwhile, there are strong trends in the farming industry to use even more-potent classes of antimicrobial agents, with the potential consequence of contributing to eroding the health system's power to treat human infections. The transfer of resistant zoonotic agents from animals to humans nevertheless remains an overwhelming reality, and both the prudent use of antimicrobial agents and the development of alternatives to antimicrobial agents to reduce the frequency of AMR and to treat infections with resistant organisms should be strongly encouraged. Alternatives to antimicrobial agents are needed to sustain growth promotion and control infectious diseases.

Citation: Boerlin P. 2010. Implications of Antimicrobial Agents as Therapeutics and Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production, p 1-9. In Sabour P, Griffiths M (ed), Bacteriophages in the Control of Food-and Waterborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816629.ch1
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