Heat Shock Response

Nora Plesofsky

doi:10.1128/9781555816636.ch32

Chapter 32 : Heat Shock Response

Author: Nora Plesofsky¹

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Affiliations: 1: Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2010

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology; Fungi and Fungal Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555816636

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555816636.ch32

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Abstract:

Increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsps) was seen in response to physical and chemical stresses and during developmental transitions. Other stresses, particularly oxidative stress and osmotic stress, elicit characteristic changes in gene expression that overlap with one another and with heat stress. The same regulatory factors may be involved in multiple stress responses. These include the heat shock transcription factor and the stress mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Hog1 and Slt2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their orthologs in other organisms. The importance of ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis to the heat shock response is shown by the restorative effect of over-expressing UBI4 on survival of cells that are deficient in hsp synthesis. Heat shock transcription factor (HSF) binds as a trimer to heat shock elements (HSEs) within target gene promoters. The fundamental unit of the HSE is nGAAn repeated in tandem on alternating DNA strands (perfect HSE), with a minimum of three pentanucleotides being required in S. cerevisiae for activity and a five-nucleotide gap between two of the pentanucleotides still supporting induction (gapped HSE). If stress responses were unregulated, they would be detrimental, rather than helpful, as seen when there is a buildup of trehalose, particular sphingolipids, Hsp90, or a hyperactivated Hog1 MAPK.

Citation: Plesofsky N. 2010. Heat Shock Response, p 488-497. In Borkovich K, Ebbole D (ed), Cellular and Molecular Biology of Filamentous Fungi. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816636.ch32

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Heat Shock Response

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/content/10.1128/9781555816636.ch32.ch32fig01

FIGURE 1

A phylogenetic tree generated by ClustalW2 ( Larkin et al., 2007 ) based on multiple sequence alignment of the sHsps of N. crassa, A. nidulans, and S. cerevisiae.

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10.1128/9781555816636/f0491-01.gif

FIGURE 1

A phylogenetic tree generated by ClustalW2 ( Larkin et al., 2007 ) based on multiple sequence alignment of the sHsps of N. crassa, A. nidulans, and S. cerevisiae.

/content/10.1128/9781555816636.ch32.ch32fig02

FIGURE 2

The major stress MAPK pathways of S. cerevisiae and N. crassa. HK, histidine kinase.

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FIGURE 2

The major stress MAPK pathways of S. cerevisiae and N. crassa. HK, histidine kinase.

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Tables

Heat Shock Response

/content/10.1128/9781555816636.ch32.ch32tab01

TABLE 1

Major Hsps of S. cerevisiae and homologs in N. crassa

TABLE 1

Major Hsps of S. cerevisiae and homologs in N. crassa