
Full text loading...
Category: Clinical Microbiology
Mycotoxins, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555816728/9781555814632_Chap124-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555816728/9781555814632_Chap124-2.gifAbstract:
This chapter reviews various mycotoxins and their relevance to sick building syndrome (SBS), veterinary problems, bioterrorism, and food safety. There are some 300 to 400 compounds, toxic to vertebrates in low concentrations, which are currently recognized as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins are produced by several species of Aspergillus, in particular Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin contamination can be the cause of a variety of economic and health problems. The most common organisms producing citrinin are Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium viridicatum, Penicillium camemberti. Citrinin has demonstrated nephrotoxic effects on all animal species tested and was shown to inhibit dehydrogenase activity in rats’ kidneys, liver, and brain. Ergot alkaloids, produced by the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea, are the causative agent of ergotism which can manifest in either a gangrenous or convulsive condition following ingestion of contaminated grains. Ochratoxins A and B are produced by Penicillium verrucosum and many species of Aspergillus, especially A. ochraceus. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins found in grain, including barley, oats, rye, and wheat. Zearalenone is a nonsteroidal estrogen or phytoestrogen produced by various species of Fusarium. It is estimated that one-quarter of the world’s crops are contaminated to some extent with mycotoxins. There are several classes of mycotoxins, produced by a wide range of fungal species, which have been linked to various environmental issues such as SBS, veterinary problems, bioterrorism, and food safety.
Full text loading...
Aflatoxin B1. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Aflatoxin B1. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Citrinin. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Citrinin. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Ergotamine. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Ergotamine. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Fumonisin B1. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Fumonisin B1. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Ochratoxin A. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Ochratoxin A. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Patulin. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Patulin. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
(A) T-2 toxin; (B) deoxynivalenol. (Modified and reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
(A) T-2 toxin; (B) deoxynivalenol. (Modified and reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Zearalenone. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Zearalenone. (Reprinted from reference 7 with permission of the publisher.)
Simplified taxonomy of mycotoxin-producing fungi
Simplified taxonomy of mycotoxin-producing fungi
Mycotoxins and their common food substrates
Mycotoxins and their common food substrates
Mycotoxins and animal outbreaks
Mycotoxins and animal outbreaks