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Chapter 30 : Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Authors: Shaunna M. Huston1, Christopher H. Mody2
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Affiliations: 1: The Snyder Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 2: The Snyder Institute for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity and Departments of Internal Medicine, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2011

Category: Clinical Microbiology; Fungi and Fungal Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

This chapter portrays the current understanding of the mechanisms involved in direct killing of by innate cytotoxic lymphocytes. Binding results in natural killer (NK)- cell reorganization of the actin and microtubular cytoskeleton that is important for formation of the immunological synapse (NKIS). Syngeneic, nylon wool nonadherent, splenic cells (NK cells) were adoptively transferred into the depleted mice. The mice were injected intravenously with in the presence or absence of anti-asialo GM1, which depletes NK cells. The response of NK cells to has been extended to human studies. Human NK cells can be obtained from the blood, where they are present as a small percentage of the total lymphocyte population. Perforin is the effector molecule required for NK-cell killing of . Via exocytosis of lytic granules, NK cells secrete effector molecules that are involved in the killing of tumor targets. NK cells can receive signals from other innate cells in response to as well as produce cytokines that stimulate other effector cells and shape adaptive immune responses. Human primary NK cells also secrete gamma interferon (IFN-γ) that correlates with increased killing of in vitro. Cytokines and chemokines are important mediators of immune cell function. In addition, similar to the observations of NK cells, NKT cells enhanced host defense against in the presence of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-γ. Thus, similar to NK cells, cytokines are important in eliciting NKT cell responses to and in direct killing of the organism.

Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30
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Cryptococcus Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
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Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30
/content/10.1128/9781555816858.ch30.ch30fig01
FIGURE 1
(A) Scanning electron micrograph of an NK-cell conjugate with . (B) Higher magnification of the area from panel A, showing appendages from the NK effector cell directed at the target. Image from Nabavi and Murphy ( ). Reprinted from with permission of the publisher.
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10.1128/9781555816858/f0418-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

(A) Scanning electron micrograph of an NK-cell conjugate with . (B) Higher magnification of the area from panel A, showing appendages from the NK effector cell directed at the target. Image from Nabavi and Murphy ( ). Reprinted from with permission of the publisher.

Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30
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FIGURE 2
Percollfractionated splenic large granular lymphocyte (NK cell) Golgi apparatus and centrioles at the site of contact. (a) Transmission electron microscopy of an NK cell conjugate with , identifying NK cell cytoskeletal changes. (b) Higher magnification including Golgi apparatus. Image from Hidore and associates ( ). Reprinted from with permission of the publisher
10.1128/9781555816858/f0421-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816858/f0421-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Percollfractionated splenic large granular lymphocyte (NK cell) Golgi apparatus and centrioles at the site of contact. (a) Transmission electron microscopy of an NK cell conjugate with , identifying NK cell cytoskeletal changes. (b) Higher magnification including Golgi apparatus. Image from Hidore and associates ( ). Reprinted from with permission of the publisher

Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30
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FIGURE 3
The NK cell MTOC forms near the site of contact with . (A) NK cell in association with as imaged by differential interference contrast imaging. (B) The same NK cell showing formation of the MTOC identified by fluorescence microscopy using antibodyspecific labeling of tubulin in association with the site of contact of Bar represents 1 μm. Images acquired by Martina Timm-McCann.
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10.1128/9781555816858/f0422-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

The NK cell MTOC forms near the site of contact with . (A) NK cell in association with as imaged by differential interference contrast imaging. (B) The same NK cell showing formation of the MTOC identified by fluorescence microscopy using antibodyspecific labeling of tubulin in association with the site of contact of Bar represents 1 μm. Images acquired by Martina Timm-McCann.

Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30
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Tables

Cryptococcus Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
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Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30
/content/10.1128/9781555816858.ch30.ch30table01
TABLE 1
Microorganisms directly or indirectly killed by innate cytotoxic lymphocytes
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Microorganisms directly or indirectly killed by innate cytotoxic lymphocytes

Citation: Huston S, Mody C. 2011. Interactions with Innate Cytotoxic Lymphocytes, p 417-427. In Heitman J, Kozel T, Kwon-Chung K, Perfect J, Casadevall A (ed), . ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816858.ch30

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