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Chapter 4 : Animals and Humans as Sources of Fecal Indicator Bacteria

Authors: Christopher K. Yost1, Moussa S. Diarra2, Edward Topp3
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada S4S 0A2; 2: Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, BC, Canada V0M 1A0; 3: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada N5V 4T3
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2011

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

This chapter talks about the distribution of the major indicator bacteria, , spp., and a variety of anaerobes (including , spp., and members of the ) in humans, in domesticated animals and birds, and in undomesticated animal hosts. Enterococci are gram-positive bacteria ubiquitously found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of animals, birds, and humans, as well as in soil and water. Enterococci are widely distributed among undomesticated mammals and birds, reptiles, and insects. Culture-independent analyses of total fecal bacterial microflora have been conducted with swine and equine samples using 16S rRNA gene libraries prepared from fecal DNA extracts and universal PCR primers for eubacterial 16S rRNA genes. A study by Fogarty and Voytek confirmed the presence of in the feces of deer ( sp.) inhabiting Virginia and West Virginia. In this study, feces were collected from 21 individual deer and extracted DNA was amplified with primers capable of amplifying 16S rRNA DNA from members of the group. Fecal indicator bacteria shed by humans and domestic animals are subject to profound alteration of their abundance and characteristics by anthropogenic effects of antibiotic use and waste treatment.

Citation: Yost C, Diarra M, Topp E. 2011. Animals and Humans as Sources of Fecal Indicator Bacteria, p 67-91. In Sadowsky M, Whitman R (ed), The Fecal Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816865.ch4
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Tables

Animals and Humans as Sources of Fecal Indicator Bacteria
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Citation: Yost C, Diarra M, Topp E. 2011. Animals and Humans as Sources of Fecal Indicator Bacteria, p 67-91. In Sadowsky M, Whitman R (ed), The Fecal Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816865.ch4
/content/10.1128/9781555816865.ch04.ch04tab01
Table 1
Indicator bacteria
Generic image for table
Table 1

Indicator bacteria

Citation: Yost C, Diarra M, Topp E. 2011. Animals and Humans as Sources of Fecal Indicator Bacteria, p 67-91. In Sadowsky M, Whitman R (ed), The Fecal Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816865.ch4

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