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Chapter 27 : Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis
Authors:
Karen Robinson1,
John C. Atherton2
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Affiliations:
1: Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
2: Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year:
2011
Category: Immunology; Clinical Microbiology
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555816872
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
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Abstract:
The development of disease as a consequence of Helicobacter. Pylori infection is influenced by human genetic differences, virulence factors expressed by the colonizing strain, and environmental factors such as smoking and concurrent infections. The immune response to infection may be affected by each of these. A wide variety of innate host defense mechanisms are chronically induced by H. pylori on the gastric mucosa, including the expression of proinflammatory and antibacterial factors by gastric epithelial cells. Although all H. pylori strains cause ongoing gastric inflammation, the severity of this gastritis differs profoundly between individual infections, and a major driver of this is whether specific virulence factors are expressed by the infecting strain. The most important and best characterized H. pylori virulence determinant is a group of about 30 genes present in some but not all strains, called the cag Pathogenicity Island (PaI). Small cationic antimicrobial peptides of two main groups, defensins and cathelicidins, are secreted as part of the innate immune response to H. pylori. A microarray study on infected rhesus macaques showed that defensin responses are largely dependent on presence of the cag PaI in the colonizing strain. The antibody response to H. pylori is known to contribute to pathogenesis by triggering autoimmunity. A section of the chapter discusses the role of the different subsets of T-cells in H. pylori-mediated disease in detail. A detailed knowledge of the immune mechanisms required for clearance of H. pylori infection is vital for vaccine development.
Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
Figures
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis
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Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
/content/10.1128/9781555816872.ch27.ch27fig01
FIGURE 1
Patterns of gastritis and their links with disease
10.1128/9781555816872/f0338-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555816872/f0338-01.gif
FIGURE 1
Patterns of gastritis and their links with disease
Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
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/content/book/10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
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Tables
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis
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Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
/content/10.1128/9781555816872.ch27.ch27tab01
TABLE 1
Host immune response gene polymorphisms and their associations with disease
TABLE 1
Host immune response gene polymorphisms and their associations with disease
Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
/content/10.1128/9781555816872.ch27.ch27tab02
TABLE 2
H. pylori virulence factors with known effects on the immune response
TABLE 2
H. pylori virulence factors with known effects on the immune response
Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27
/content/10.1128/9781555816872.ch27.ch27tab03
TABLE 3
Association of T-helper subsets with H. pylori induced inflammation, pathology, and colonization
TABLE 3
Association of T-helper subsets with H. pylori induced inflammation, pathology, and colonization
Citation:
Robinson K, Atherton J.
2011.
Helicobacter pylori: the Role of the Immune Response in Pathogenesis,
p 337-346.
In
Kaufmann S, Rouse B, Sacks D (ed),
The Immune Response to Infection.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555816872.ch27