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Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology
How Genomics Has Shaped Our Understanding of the Evolution and Emergence of Pathogenic Vibrio cholerae, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555816902/9781555814571_Chap07-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555816902/9781555814571_Chap07-2.gifAbstract:
The main symptom of cholera, profuse rice water stool, is primarily caused by the action of cholera toxin (CT), a very potent AB-type enterotoxin that consists of five binding B subunits and one active A subunit. Many bacterial pathogens attain or increase their virulence potential through HGT of genetic material carried on mobile and integrative genetic elements (MIGEs) such as plasmids, bacteriophages, pathogenicity islands (PAIs), integrons, and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs). The impact of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) on bacterial evolution--particularly its role in the emergence of many human gastrointestinal pathogens--is unquestionable. This chapter gives a brief overview of the features that differentiate integrative genetic elements such as integrases, transposases, phage structural genes, or plasmid conjugal transfer genes, from one another. In evolutionary terms, while phylogenetic analysis of housekeeping gene mdh groups V. cholerae and V. mimicus strains separately, both species group together based on the nanH gene, which indicates recent HGT between the species. The authors identified 24 regions, gaps in the genome atlas, of greater than 10 kb that were unique to RIMD2210633. 22 members of the family Vibrionaceae in the genome database were examined, and only 5 species encode neuraminidase: V. cholerae pathogenic isolates, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus strain 16, V. shilonii AK1 and Vibrio sp. strain MED222. The last two are the only strains to encode sialic acid scavenging, synthesis, and catabolism genes.
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General characteristics of 27 V. cholerae sequenced genomes
In silico and in vitro methods for detection of horizontal gene transfer
General characteristics of mobile and integrative genetic elements a
Mobile and integrative genetic elements identified in V. cholerae
Distribution of mobile and integrative genetic elements among different V. cholerae isolates a
Genomic analysis of sialic acid metabolism genes among the Vibrionaceae a