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Chapter 18 : Genomics of Mycotoxin Production

Authors: Gary A. Payne1, D. Ryan Georgianna2, Jiujiang Yu3, Ken Ehrlich4, Greg Obrian5, Deepak Bhatnagar6
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; 2: Duke Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical College, Durham, NC 27710; 3: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124; 4: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124; 5: Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695; 6: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2011

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology

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Abstract:

Food microbiologists often overlook the importance of fungi as a threat to food safety and security even though fungi produce a wide array of toxic compounds. is known to produce over 14 described mycotoxins. It is common for strains of to produce both aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and for commodities to contain both mycotoxins. Other than and , no other fungal genera are known to produce aflatrem; however, structurally related tremorgenic mycotoxins, such as penitrem from spp., are prevalent in other fungi and likely share common enzymes. Fungi have the capacity to produce many diverse secondary metabolites, and over 300 fungal secondary metabolites are described as mycotoxins. It is now possible to predict whether potential toxins produced by secondary metabolism clusters may be present in food. With respect to the regulation of aflatrem biosynthesis, researchers have shown that the gene called veA, previously shown to control aflatoxin and sclerotial production in was found to not only be necessary for the production of aflatoxins B and B and sclerotia, but also regulated the synthesis of the mycotoxins cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. New tools for genomewide gene profiling and functional analysis will surely reveal additional information on aflatoxin production and the regulation of the process. This knowledge will empower researchers to find effective strategies for controlling aflatoxin contamination of food and feed. Gradually, newly developed next-generation sequencing technologies will become common research tools for functional genomics studies.

Citation: Payne G, Georgianna D, Yu J, Ehrlich K, Obrian G, Bhatnagar D. 2011. Genomics of Mycotoxin Production, p 259-270. In Fratamico P, Liu Y, Kathariou S (ed), Genomes of Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555816902.ch18
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