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Chapter 21 : Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development

Authors: Masae Kuboniwa1, Richard J. Lamont2
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan; 2: Center for Oral Health and Systemic Disease, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 50202
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2011

Category: Genomics and Bioinformatics

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Abstract:

The composition of oral biofilm communities, and their pathogenic potential, may depend on interspecies binding and communication interactions. Multivalent coadhesive interactions characterize the binding of to oral streptococci such as and drive subsequent development of heterotypic - communities. Gene regulation by two-component systems (TCSs) is a common mechanism used by bacteria to modulate cell behavior in response to environmental changes. Following the initial binding interaction between and , adherent cells undergo a programmatic phenotypic shift in order to prepare for community living. produces autoinducer 2 (AI-2) and responds both to homologous signal and to AI-2 from other organisms such as and . The expression of GTF, Rgg, and exo-β;-D-fructosidase (fructanase) is downregulated in the absence of LuxS, whereas expression of tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase is elevated. Contact with S. cristatus propagates a signal in P. gingivalis that causes downregulation of fimA expression. Signaling is mediated by arginine deiminase (ArcA) on the surface of . Biofilms tend to be polymicrobial in nature, and the subgingival plaque biofilm is an exemplar of this situation, with as many as 200 species present in any one individual.

Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21

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Cellular Processes
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Acidic Amino Acids
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Aromatic Amino Acids
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Basic Amino Acids
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Acyl Coenzyme A
0.46945268
Cell Wall Biosynthesis
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Heterotypic Streptococcus gordonii-Porphyromonas gingivalis Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development
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Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21
/content/10.1128/9781555817107.ch21.ch21fig01
FIGURE 1
community- and biofilm-related gene cluster SGO_0275 to SGO_0307 (coordinates 292331 to 328700; 36.4 kb). Genes regulated in communities are number coded by putative community-related function. 1, transcriptional regulation and/or signaling; 2, capsule or cell wall biosynthesis; 3, protein folding and associated processing; 4, physiology.
10.1128/9781555817107/f0319-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817107/f0319-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

community- and biofilm-related gene cluster SGO_0275 to SGO_0307 (coordinates 292331 to 328700; 36.4 kb). Genes regulated in communities are number coded by putative community-related function. 1, transcriptional regulation and/or signaling; 2, capsule or cell wall biosynthesis; 3, protein folding and associated processing; 4, physiology.

Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21
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/content/10.1128/9781555817107.ch21.ch21fig02
FIGURE 2
Role of Ltp1 in communities. Contact with transduces a signal (dashed arrow) that upregulates Ltp1 expression. Ltp1 downregulates (flat arrow) expression of exopolysaccharide and LuxS and upregulates (arrow) expression of the locus. Ltp1 also dephosphorylates Kgp. Phenotypic outcomes of Ltp1 activity include restricted biofilm development, reduced AI-2 signaling, increased uptake of hemin, and decreased cell-associated Kgp activity.
10.1128/9781555817107/f0321-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817107/f0321-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Role of Ltp1 in communities. Contact with transduces a signal (dashed arrow) that upregulates Ltp1 expression. Ltp1 downregulates (flat arrow) expression of exopolysaccharide and LuxS and upregulates (arrow) expression of the locus. Ltp1 also dephosphorylates Kgp. Phenotypic outcomes of Ltp1 activity include restricted biofilm development, reduced AI-2 signaling, increased uptake of hemin, and decreased cell-associated Kgp activity.

Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21
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Tables

Heterotypic Streptococcus gordonii-Porphyromonas gingivalis Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development
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Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21
/content/10.1128/9781555817107.ch21.ch21tab01
TABLE 1
Blast analysis of streptococcal and related species genome sequences with BAR sequence
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Blast analysis of streptococcal and related species genome sequences with BAR sequence

Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21
/content/10.1128/9781555817107.ch21.ch21tab02
TABLE 2
genes required for community development with cells
Generic image for table
TABLE 2

genes required for community development with cells

Citation: Kuboniwa M, Lamont R. 2011. Heterotypic Communities: Formation, Gene Regulation, and Development, p 313-329. In Kolenbrander P (ed), Oral Microbial Communities. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817107.ch21

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