1887

Chapter 20 : in the Dairy Chain

Authors: B. Stessl1, I. Hein2, M. Wagner3, M. Ehling-Schulz4
VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
Affiliations: 1: Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; 2: Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; 3: Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Safety, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; 4: Food Microbiology Unit, Clinic of Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2011

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Food Microbiology

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.

Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

in the Dairy Chain, Page 1 of 2

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817121/9781555815424_Chap20-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817121/9781555815424_Chap20-2.gif

Abstract:

is an important pathogen causing a variety of diseases. Some strains are able to produce staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) causing food intoxications. Two different aspects are of importance concerning the presence of in the dairy chain: (i) clinical and subclinical infections of cows, not only posing a health risk via shedding of in their milk but also being an economic factor in dairy farming; and (ii) transmission into the dairy chain and production of enterotoxins leading to human food poisoning. There are five major classical SE types causing food poisoning, i.e., SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE, and several newly identified SEs. Rapid detection and quantification methods could serve as valuable tools for early indication of process failures, and as part of hazard analysis and critical control points concepts. The trend in enterotoxin detection and quantification is enhanced by the desire to reduce the time from sampling to identification and confirmation in the laboratory. These commercially available rapid methods (e.g., classical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) can detect approximately 1.0 nanogram of toxin/g of food. A further recent development is a real-time immunoquantitative PCR method for the detection of SE. For further characterization of enterotoxigenic , a number of techniques have been developed lately, including, for example, DNA microarrays and subtyping methods. Characterization and subtyping methods facilitate tracking and tracing the contamination and transmission routes of in the dairy chain.

Citation: Stessl B, Hein I, Wagner M, Ehling-Schulz M. 2011. in the Dairy Chain, p 291-305. In Hoorfar J (ed), Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817121.ch20
Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

Figures

Staphylococcus aureus in the Dairy Chain
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-1,properties={foaf_givenname=B., foaf_name=B. Stessl, foaf_surname=Stessl, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-2,properties={foaf_givenname=I., foaf_name=I. Hein, foaf_surname=Hein, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff2]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-3,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-3,properties={foaf_givenname=M., foaf_name=M. Wagner, foaf_surname=Wagner, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff3]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-4,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-4,properties={foaf_givenname=M., foaf_name=M. Ehling-Schulz, foaf_surname=Ehling-Schulz, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff4]]}]]
Citation: Stessl B, Hein I, Wagner M, Ehling-Schulz M. 2011. in the Dairy Chain, p 291-305. In Hoorfar J (ed), Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817121.ch20
/content/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20.ch20fig01
FIGURE 1
Possible entrance of in the dairy chain.
10.1128/9781555817121/f0294-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817121/f0294-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Possible entrance of in the dairy chain.

Citation: Stessl B, Hein I, Wagner M, Ehling-Schulz M. 2011. in the Dairy Chain, p 291-305. In Hoorfar J (ed), Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817121.ch20
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20.ch20fig02
FIGURE 2
Work flow for identification of staphylococci by MALDI-TOF (MS).
10.1128/9781555817121/f0299-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817121/f0299-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Work flow for identification of staphylococci by MALDI-TOF (MS).

Citation: Stessl B, Hein I, Wagner M, Ehling-Schulz M. 2011. in the Dairy Chain, p 291-305. In Hoorfar J (ed), Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817121.ch20
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint

References

/content/book/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20
1. Adam, E. N.,, and L. L. Southwood. 2006. Surgical and traumatic wound infections, cellulitis, and myositis in horses. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract. 22: 335– 361.
2. Aires-de-Sousa, M.,, C. E. S. R. Parente,, O. Vieira-da-Motta,, I. C. F. Bonna,, D. A. Silva, and, H. de Lencastre. 2007. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from buffalo, bovine, ovine, and caprine milk samples collected in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 3845– 3849.
3. Akineden, ö.,, C. Annemüller,, A. A. Hassan,, C. Lämmler,, W. Wolter, and, M. Zschöck. 2001. Toxin genes and other characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk of cows with mastitis. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8: 959– 964.
4. Amir, L. 2002. Breastfeeding and Staphylococcus aureus: three case reports. Breastfeed. Rev. 10: 15– 18.
5. Anonymous. 1999. EN ISO 6888-1. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuffs—Horizontal Method for the Enumeration of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci ( Staphylococcus aureus and Other Species). Part 1. Technique using Baird-Parker Agar Medium. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
6. Anonymous. 2005. Commission Regulation 2073/2005/EC of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L 338: 1– 26.
7. Anonymous. 2007a. Commission Regulation (EC) No 1441/2007 of 5 th December 2007 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium.
8. Anonymous. 2007b. EN ISO 7218:2007. Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuff—General Requirements of Guidance for Microbiological Examination. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
9. Aprodu, I.,, G. Walcher,, J. Schelin,, I. Hein,, B. Norling,, P. Rådström,, A. Nicolau, and, M. Wagner. 2010. Advanced sample preparation for the molecular quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in artifically and naturally contaminated milk. Int. J. Food Microbiol. (Epub ahead of print.)
10. Bennett, R. W.,, and F. McClure. 1994. Visual screening with enzyme immunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 77: 357– 364.
11. Bennett, R. W. 2001. Staphylococcal enterotoxins, chapt. 13 A. Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. http://www.fda.gov/Food/ScienceResearch/LaboratoryMethods/BacteriologicalAnalyticalManualBAM/default.htm.
12. Bergdoll, M. S. 1979. Staphylococcal intoxications, p. 443–494. In H. Riemann and, F. L. Bryan (ed.), Food-Borne Infections and Intoxications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, NY.
13. Bosch, T.,, A. J. de Neeling,, L. M. Schouls,, K. W. van der Zwaluw,, J. A. J. W. Kluytmans,, H. Grundmann, and, X. W. Huijsdens. 2010. PFGE diversity within the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal lineage ST398. BMC Microbiol. 10: 40.
14. Boyle, T.,, J. M. Njoroge,, R. L. Jones, Jr., and, M. Principato. 2010. Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk and milk products using immunodiagnostic lateral flow devices. J. AOAC Int. 93: 569– 575.
15. Burian, M.,, C. Wolz, and, C. Goerke. 2010. Regulatory adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus during nasal colonization of humans. PLoS ONE 5 (4): e10040. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0010040.
16. Carminati, D.,, G. Giraffa,, A. Quiberoni,, A. Binetti,, V. Suarez, and, J. Reinheimer. 2010. Advances and trends in starter cultures for dairy fermentations, p. 177–192. In F. Mozzi,, R. R. Raya, and, G. M. Vignolo (ed.), Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Novel Applications. Blackwell Publishing, New York, NY.
17. Carmo, L. S.,, R. Souza Dias,, V. Roberto Linardi,, M. J. de Sena,, D. Aparecidados Santos,, M. E. de Faria,, E. Castro Pena,, M. Jett, and, L. Guilherme Heneine. 2002. Food poisoning due to enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus present in Minas cheese and raw milk in Brazil. Food Microbiol. 19: 9– 14.
18. Chen, Z. G. 2008. Conductometric immunosensors for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B based bio-electrocatalytic reaction on micro-comb electrodes. Bioprocess. Biosyst. Eng. 31: 345– 350.
19. Chiang, Y. C.,, C. M. Fan,, W. W. Liao,, C. K. Lin, and, H. Y. Tsen. 2007. Real-time PCR detection of Staphylococcus aureus in milk and meat using new primers designed from the heat shock protein gene htrA sequence. J. Food Prot. 70: 2855– 2859.
20. Chiang, Y. C.,, W. W. Liao,, C. M. Fan,, W. Y. Pai,, C. S. Chiou, and, H. Y. Tsen. 2008. PCR detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) N, O, P, Q, R, U, and survey of SE types in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food-poisoning cases in Taiwan. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 121: 66– 73.
21. Cremonesi, P.,, G. Perez,, G. Pison,, P. Moroni,, S. Morandi,, M. Luzzana,, M. Brasca, and, B. Castiglioni. 2007. Detection of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolates in raw milk cheese. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 45: 586– 591.
22. Cremonesi, P.,, G. Pisoni,, M. Severgnini,, C. Consolandi,, P. Moroni,, M. Raschetti, and, B. Castiglioni. 2009. Pathogen detection in milk samples by ligation detection reaction-mediated universal array method. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 3027– 3039.
23. Delbes, C.,, J. Alomar,, N. Chougui,, J. F. Martin, and, M. C. Montel. 2006. Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin production during the manufacture of uncooked, semihard cheese from cows’ raw milk. J. Food Prot. 69: 2161– 2167.
24. Dubois, D.,, D. Leyssene,, J. P. Chacornac,, M. Kostrzewa,, P. O. Schmit,, R. Talon,, R. Bonnet, and, J. Delmas. 2010. Identification of a variety of Staphylococcus species by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48: 941– 945.
25. Duquenne, M.,, I. Fleurot,, M. Aigle,, C. Darrigo,, E. Borezée-Durant,, S. Derzelle,, M. Bouix,, V. Deperrois-Lafarge, and, A. Delacroix-Buchet. 2010. Tool for quantification of staphylococcal enterotoxin gene expression in cheese. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76: 1367– 1374.
26. Escamilla-Gómez, V.,, S. Campuzano,, M. Pedrero, and, J. M. Pingarrón. 2008. Immunosensors for the determination of Staphylococcus aureus using a tyrosinase-mercaptopropionic acid modified electrode as an amperometric transducer. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 391: 837– 845.
27. Fricker, M.,, U. Messelhäusser,, U. Busch,, S. Scherer, and, M. Ehling-Schulz. 2007. Diagnostic real-time PCR assays for the detection of emetic Bacillus cereus strains in foods and recent food-borne outbreaks. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 1892– 1898.
28. Giezendanner, N.,, B. Meyer,, M. Gort,, P. Müller, and, C. Zweifel. 2009. Raw milk-associated Staphylococcus aureus intoxication in children. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 151: 329– 331.
29. Gilbert, F. B.,, A. Fromageau,, L. Gélineau, and, B. Poutrel. 2006. Differentiation of bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates by use of polymorphic tandem repeat typing. Vet. Microbiol. 117: 297– 303.
30. Gillespie, B. E.,, and S. P. Oliver. 2005. Simultaneous detection of mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus agalactiae by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 3510– 3518.
31. Gonano, M.,, I. Hein,, P. Zangerl,, A. Rammelmayr, and, M. Wagner. 2009. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains of veterinary, dairy and human origin. Epidemiol. Infect. 137: 688– 699.
32. Goto, M.,, H. Takahashi,, Y. Segawa,, H. Hayashidani,, K. Takatori, and, Y. Hara-Kudo. 2007. Real-time PCR method for quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. J. Food Prot. 70: 90– 96.
33. Graber, H. U.,, M. G. Casey,, J. Naskova,, A. Steiner, and, W. Schaeren. 2007. Development of a highly sensitive and specific assay to detect Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitic milk. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 4661– 4669.
34. Granum, P. E.,, and T. Lund. 1997. Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 157: 223– 228.
35. Heidinger, J. C.,, C. K. Winter, and, J. S. Cullor. 2009. Quantitative microbial risk assessment for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus enterotoxin A in raw milk. J. Food Prot. 72: 1641– 1653.
36. Hein, I.,, A. Lehner,, P. Rieck,, K. Klein,, E. Brandl, and, M. Wagner. 2001. Comparison of different approaches to quantify Staphylococcus aureus cells by real-time quantitative PCR and application of this technique for examination of cheese. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3122– 3126.
37. Hein, I.,, H. J. Jorgensen,, S. Loncarevic, and, M. Wagner. 2005. Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in unpasteurised bovine and caprine milk by real-time PCR. Res. Microbiol. 156: 554– 563.
38. Hennekinne, J. A.,, F. Guillier,, S. Perelle,, M. L. De Buyser,, S. Dragacci,, S. Krys, and, B. Lombard. 2007. Intralaboratory validation according to the EN ISO 16 140 standard of the Vidas SET2 detection kit for use in official controls of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk products. J. Appl. Microbiol. 102: 1261– 1272.
39. Henning, D. R.,, R. Flowers,, R. Reiser, and, E. T. Ryser. 2004. Pathogens in milk and milk products, p. 103–152. In M. Wehr and, J. F. Frank (ed.), Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
40. Hettinga, K. A.,, H. J. F. van Valdenberg,, T. J. G. M. Lam, and, A. C. M. van Hooijdonk. 2008. Detection of mastitis pathogens by analysis of volatile bacterial metabolites. J. Dairy Sci. 91: 3834– 3839.
41. Homola, J.,, J. Dostálek,, S. Chen,, A. Rasooly,, S. Jiang, and, S. S. Yee. 2002. Spectral surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 75: 61– 69.
42. Hoorfar, J.,, N. Cook,, B. Malorny,, M. Wagner,, D. De Medici,, A. Abdulmawjood, and, P. Fach. 2004. Diagnostic PCR: making internal amplification control mandatory. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 38: 79– 80.
43. Ikeda, T.,, N. Tamate,, K. Yamaguchi, and, S. Makino. 2005. Mass outbreak of food poisoning disease caused by small amounts of staphylococcal enterotoxins A and H. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 2793– 2795.
44. Jablonski, L. M.,, and G. A. Bohach. 1997. Staphylococcus aureus, p. 353–375. In L. R. Doyle,, L. R. Beuchat, and, T. J. Montville (ed.), Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
45. Jørgensen, H. J.,, T. Mathisen,, A. Løvseth,, K. Omoe,, K. S. Qvale, and, S. Loncarevic. 2005a. An outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning caused by enterotoxin H in mashed potato made with raw milk. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 252: 267– 272.
46. Jørgensen, H. J.,, T. Mørk,, D. A. Caugant,, A. Kearns, and, L. M. Rørvik. 2005b. Genetic variation among Staphylococcus aureus strains from Norwegian bulk milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 8352– 8361.
47. Khreich, N.,, P. Lamourette,, H. Boutal,, K. Devilliers,, C. Créminon, and, H. Volland. 2008. Detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B using fluorescent immunoliposomes as label for immunochromatographic testing. Anal. Biochem. 377: 182– 188.
48. Kobayashi, H.,, M. Oethinger,, M. J. Tuohy,, G. S. Hall, and, T. W. Bauer. 2009a. Unsuitable distinction between viable and dead Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis by ethidium bromide monoazide. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 48: 633– 638.
49. Kobayashi, H.,, M. Oethinger,, M. J. Tuohy,, G. S. Hall, and, T. W. Bauer. 2009b. Improving clinical significance of PCR: use of propidium monoazide to distinguish viable from dead Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. J. Orthop. Res. 27: 1243– 1247.
50. Koreen, L.,, S. V. Ramaswamy,, E. A. Graviss,, S. Naidich,, J. M. Musser, and, B. N. Kreiswirth. 2004. spa typing method for discriminating among Staphylococcus aureus isolates: implications for use of a single marker to detect genetic micro- and macrovariation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 792– 799.
51. Kubota, M.,, T. Hayashi,, K. Iwasaki,, H. Ohtsuka,, M. Kohiruimaki,, S. Kawamura,, K. Sakaguchi, and, R. Abe. 2007. Rapid and effective method for separation of Staphylococcus aureus from somatic cells in mastitis milk. J. Dairy Sci. 90: 4100– 4107.
52. Kwon, N. H.,, K. T. Park,, J. S. Moon,, W. K. Jung,, S. H. Kim,, J. M. Kim,, S. K. Hong,, H. C. Koo,, Y. S. Joo, and, Y. H. Park. 2005. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec) characterization and molecular analysis for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and novel SCC mec subtype IVg isolated from bovine milk in Korea. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 56: 624– 632.
53. Lachica, R. V. 1980. Accelerated procedure for the enumeration and identification of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39: 17– 19.
54. Lee, K. H.,, J. W. Lee,, S. W. Wang,, L. Y. Liu,, M. F. Lee,, S. T. Chuang,, Y. M. Shy,, C. L. Chang,, M. C. Wu, and, C. H. Chi. 2008. Development of a novel biochip for rapid multiplex detection of seven mastitis-causing pathogens in bovine milk samples. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. 20: 463– 471.
55. Lee, Y. D.,, B. Y. Moon,, J. H. Park,, H. I. Chang, and, W. J. Kim. 2007. Expression of enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates based on mRNA analysis. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 17: 461– 467.
56. Lina, G.,, G. A. Bohach,, S. P. Nair,, K. Hiramatsu,, E. Jouvin-Marche, and, R. Mariuzza. 2004. Standard nomenclature for the superantigens expressed by Staphylococcus. J. Infect. Dis. 189: 2334– 2336.
57. Lindqvist, R.,, S. Sylvén, and, I. Vågsholm. 2002. Quantitative microbial risk assessment exemplified by Staphylococcus aureus in unripened cheese made from raw milk. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 78: 155– 170.
58. Liu, H.,, Z. Du,, J. Wang, and, R. Yang. 2007. Universal sample preparation method for characterization of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 1899– 1907.
59. Medina, M. B. 2006. Development of a fluorescent latex microparticle immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 4937– 4942.
60. Melchior, M. B.,, H. Vaarkamp, and, J. Fink-Gremmels. 2006. Biofilms: a role in recurrent mastitis infections? Vet. J. 171: 398– 407.
61. Mishra, N. N.,, W. C. Maki,, E. Cameron,, R. Nelson,, P. Winterrowd,, S. K. Rastogi,, B. Filanoski, and, G. K. Maki. 2008. Ultra-sensitive detection of bacterial toxin with silicon nanowire transistor. Lab. Chip 8: 868– 871.
62. Morandi, S.,, M. Brasca,, R. Lodi,, L. Brusetti,, C. Andrighetto, and, A. Lombardi. 2010. Biochemical profiles, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for typing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. Res. Vet. Sci. 88: 427– 435.
63. Moret-Stalder, S.,, C. Fournier,, R. Miserez,, S. Albini,, M. G. Doherr,, M. Reist,, W. Schaeren,, M. Kirchhofer,, H. U. Graber,, A. Steiner, and, T. Kaufmann. 2008. Prevalence study of Staphylococcus aureus in quarter milk samples of dairy cows in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. Prev. Vet. Med. 88: 72– 76.
64. O’Grady, J.,, L. Katrina,, B. Glynn,, T. J. Smith,, T. Barry, and, M. Maher. 2009. tmRNA—a novel high-copy-number RNA diagnostic target—its application for Staphylococcus aureus detection using real-time NASBA. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 301: 218– 223.
65. Ostyn, A.,, M. L. De Buyser,, F. Gullier,, J. Groult,, B. Félix,, S. Salah,, G. Delmas, and, J. A. Hennekinne. 2010. First evidence of a food poisoning outbreak due to staphylococcal enterotoxin type E, France, 2009. Euro Surveill. 15 (13): pii= 19528.
66. Panneerseelan, L.,, and P. M. Muriana. 2009. An immunomagnetic PCR signal amplification assay for sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in foods. J. Food Prot. 72: 2538– 2546.
67. Park, C. E.,, M. Akhtar, and, M. K. Rayman. 1994. Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (RIDASCREEN) for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 677– 681.
68. Phuketes, P.,, G. F. Browning,, G. Anderson, and, P. D. Mansell. 2003. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction as a mastitis screening test for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis in bulk milk samples. J. Dairy Res. 70: 149– 155.
69. Poli, A., E. Guglielmini,, S. Sembeni,, M. Spiazzi,, F. Dellaglio,, F. Rossi, and, S. Torriani. 2007. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and enterotoxin genotype diversity in Monte Veronese, a protected designation of origin Italian cheese. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 45: 529– 534.
70. Quiel, A.,, B. Jürgen,, G. Piechotta,, A. P. Le Foll,, A. K. Ziebandt,, C. Kohler,, D. Köster,, S. Engelmann,, C. Erck,, R. Hintsche,, J. Wehland,, M. Hecker, and, T. Schweder. 2010. Electrical protein array chips for the detection of staphylococcal virulence factors. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 85: 1619– 1627.
71. Rajakaruna, L.,, G. Hallas,, L. Molenaar,, D. Dare,, H. Sutton,, V. Encheva,, R. Culak,, I. Innes,, G. Ball,, A. M. Sefton,, M. Eydman,, A. M. Kearns, and, H. N. Shah. 2009. High throughput identification of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using MALDI-TOF-MS of intact cells. Infect. Genet. Evol. 9: 507– 513.
72. Saei, H. D.,, M. Ahmadi,, K. Mardani, and, R. A. Batavani. 2009. Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis based on polymorphism of the coagulase gene in the north west of Iran. Vet. Microbiol. 137: 202– 206.
73. Sasaki, T.,, Y. Terano,, T. Shibata,, H. Kawamoto,, T. Kuzuguchi,, E. Kohyama,, T. Watanabe,, T. Ohyama, and, M. Gemba. 2005. Establishment of highly specific and quantitative immunoassay systems for staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, and C using newly-developed monoclonal antibodies. Microbiol. Immunol. 49: 589– 597.
74. Schmid, D.,, R. Fretz,, P. Winter,, M. Mann,, G. Höger,, A. Stöger,, W. Ruppitsch,, J. Ladstätter,, N. Mayer,, A. de Martin, and, F. Allerberger. 2009. Outbreak of staphylococcal food intoxication after consumption of pasteurized milk products, June 2007, Austria. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 121: 125– 131.
75. Schmitt, M.,, U. Schuler-Schmid, and, W. Schmidt-Lorenz. 1990. Temperature limits of growth, TNase and enterotoxin production of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 11: 1– 19.
76. Seng, P.,, M. Drancourt,, F. Gouriet,, B. La Scola,, P. E. Fournier,, J. M. Rolain, and, D. Raoult. 2009. Ongoing revolution in bacteriology: routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin. Infect. Dis. 149: 543– 551.
77. Smith, E. M.,, L. E. Green,, G. F. Medley,, H. E. Bird,, L. K. Fox,, Y. H. Schukken,, J. V. Kruze,, A. J. Bradley,, R. N. Zadoks, and, C. G. Dowson. 2005. Multilocus sequence typing of intercontinental bovine Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4737– 4743.
78. Soejima, T.,, E. Nagao,, Y. Yano,, H. Yamagata,, H. Kagi, and, K. Shinagawa. 2007. Risk evaluation for staphylococcal food poisoning in processed milk produced with skim milk powder. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 115: 29– 34.
79. Spanu, T.,, E. De Carolis,, B. Fiori,, M. Sanguine-tti,, T. D’Inzeo,, G. Fadda, and, B. Posteraro. 2011. Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry in comparison to rpoB gene sequencing for species identification of bloodstream infection staphylococcal isolates. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 17: 44– 49.
80. Stevens, K. A.,, and L. A. Jaykus. 2004. Bacterial separation and concentration from complex samples matrices: a review. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 30: 7– 24.
81. van Belkum, A.,, N. J. Verkaik,, C. P. de Vogel,, H. A. Boelens,, J. Verveer,, J. L. Nouwen,, H. A. Verbrugh, and, H. F. Wertheim. 2009. Reclassification of Staphylococcus aureus in nasal carriage types. J. Infect. Dis. 199: 1820– 1826.
82. Vanderhaeghen, W.,, T. Cerpentier,, C. Adriaensen,, J. Vicca,, K. Hermans, and, P. Butaye. 2010. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 associated with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis in Belgian cows. Vet. Microbiol. doi: 10.1016/j.vet-mic.2009.12.044.
83. Wang, L.,, W. Zhao,, M. B. O’Donoghue, and, W. Tan. 2007. Fluorescent nanoparticles for multiplexed bacteria monitoring. Bioconjug. Chem. 8: 297– 301.
84. Zadoks, R. N.,, W. B. van Leeuwen,, D. Kreft,, L. K. Fox,, H. W. Barkema,, Y. H. Schukken, and, A. Van Belkum. 2002. Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine and human skin, milking equipment, and bovine milk by phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and binary typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3894– 3902.
85. Zangerl, P.,, and W. Ginzinger. 2006. Staphylococcus aureus in Cheese—a Review. Trade Association of Food Industry, Bundesanstalt für Alpenländische Milchwirtschaft, Rotholz, Austria.
86. Zottola, E. A.,, and L. B. Smith. 1991. Pathogens in cheese. Food Microbiol. 8: 171.

Tables

Staphylococcus aureus in the Dairy Chain
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-1,properties={foaf_givenname=B., foaf_name=B. Stessl, foaf_surname=Stessl, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-2,properties={foaf_givenname=I., foaf_name=I. Hein, foaf_surname=Hein, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff2]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-3,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-3,properties={foaf_givenname=M., foaf_name=M. Wagner, foaf_surname=Wagner, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff3]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-4,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-4,properties={foaf_givenname=M., foaf_name=M. Ehling-Schulz, foaf_surname=Ehling-Schulz, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20-aff4]]}]]
Citation: Stessl B, Hein I, Wagner M, Ehling-Schulz M. 2011. in the Dairy Chain, p 291-305. In Hoorfar J (ed), Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817121.ch20
/content/10.1128/9781555817121.ch20.ch20tab01
TABLE 1
Food safety and process hygiene criteria of the European Regulation EC 2005/2073 for cheese and milk products
Generic image for table
TABLE 1

Food safety and process hygiene criteria of the European Regulation EC 2005/2073 for cheese and milk products

Citation: Stessl B, Hein I, Wagner M, Ehling-Schulz M. 2011. in the Dairy Chain, p 291-305. In Hoorfar J (ed), Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817121.ch20

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error