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Chapter 1 : Geochemical Reactivity of Bacterial Surfaces: a Tribute to T. J. Beveridge

Author: F. Grant Ferris1
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2011

Category: Applied and Industrial Microbiology; Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

“Nature never jests,” this attitude is best reflected in Dr. Terry Beveridge’s pioneering studies on the molecular basis of bacterial cell wall reactivity, sorption of metals, as well as mineral precipitation and dissolution reactions. The essential link between these areas of research is the fundamental view that design and construction impart functionality. This chapter explores some of the early works on bacterial cell envelopes that paved the way for Terry and his studies on the geochemical reactivity of bacterial cell surfaces. Terry recognized that the enhanced electron contrast provided by heavy metals in thin sections and whole mounts of bacteria had something to do with how the metals interacted with the macromolecular constituents of the cells. Furthermore, it was clear from his Ph.D. work that certain metals like Ca2 were important for the maintenance of bacterial cell envelope structure and integrity. The phosphate groups of lipopolysaccharide were identified as major sites for metal binding by using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance and paramagnetic metal cation probes. The chapter highlights the importance of recognizing that all bacteria are obligated to grow from the inside out, and necessarily shed older cell wall fragments (and sometimes bacteriophage) into their surroundings. This means that new metal binding sites will be generated as bacterial cells grow, so absorbed as well as precipitated metals will slough off and be removed from the cell. In this sense, metal binding and precipitation by bacteria will be a continual source of particulate metals in natural systems.

Citation: Ferris F. 2011. Geochemical Reactivity of Bacterial Surfaces: a Tribute to T. J. Beveridge, p 1-9. In Stolz J, Oremland R (ed), Microbial Metal and Metalloid Metabolism. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1
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Geochemical Reactivity of Bacterial Surfaces: a Tribute to T. J. Beveridge
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Citation: Ferris F. 2011. Geochemical Reactivity of Bacterial Surfaces: a Tribute to T. J. Beveridge, p 1-9. In Stolz J, Oremland R (ed), Microbial Metal and Metalloid Metabolism. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1
/content/10.1128/9781555817190.ch01.ch01fig01
FIGURE 1
(A) Negative stain of a regularly structured surface array (S-layer) on an unidentified bacterium isolated from Green Dragon Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (bar = 250 nm). (B) Thin section showing an S-layer on a bacterium in a microbial mat from Terrace Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (bar = 250 nm). 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1f1
10.1128/9781555817190/f0003-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817190/f0003-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

(A) Negative stain of a regularly structured surface array (S-layer) on an unidentified bacterium isolated from Green Dragon Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (bar = 250 nm). (B) Thin section showing an S-layer on a bacterium in a microbial mat from Terrace Spring in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (bar = 250 nm). 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1f1

Citation: Ferris F. 2011. Geochemical Reactivity of Bacterial Surfaces: a Tribute to T. J. Beveridge, p 1-9. In Stolz J, Oremland R (ed), Microbial Metal and Metalloid Metabolism. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1
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/content/10.1128/9781555817190.ch01.ch01fig02
FIGURE 2
Unstained thin-section electron micrographs of cyanobacteria undergoing silicification in an Icelandic hot spring (bar = 2.0 μm) (A), and iron-silicate mineral precipitates accreting on the surface of a bacterial cell in sediment from Moose Lake, Ontario, Canada (B). The lake is impacted by acid mine drainage (bar = 1.0 μm). 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1.f2
10.1128/9781555817190/f0005-01_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817190/f0005-01.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Unstained thin-section electron micrographs of cyanobacteria undergoing silicification in an Icelandic hot spring (bar = 2.0 μm) (A), and iron-silicate mineral precipitates accreting on the surface of a bacterial cell in sediment from Moose Lake, Ontario, Canada (B). The lake is impacted by acid mine drainage (bar = 1.0 μm). 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1.f2

Citation: Ferris F. 2011. Geochemical Reactivity of Bacterial Surfaces: a Tribute to T. J. Beveridge, p 1-9. In Stolz J, Oremland R (ed), Microbial Metal and Metalloid Metabolism. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817190.ch1
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References

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1. Beveridge, T. J.,, and S. F. Koval. 1981. Binding of metals to cell envelopes of Escherichia coli K-12. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42: 325– 335.
2. Beveridge, T. J.,, J. D. Meloche,, W. S. Fyfe, and, R. G. E. Murray. 1983. Diagenesis of metals chemically complexed to bacteria: laboratory formation of metal phosphate, sulfide, and organic condensates in artificial sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45: 1094– 1108.
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4. Beveridge, T. J.,, and R. G. E. Murray. 1976b. Uptake and retention of metals by cell walls of Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 127: 1502– 1518.
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6. Buckmire, R.,, and R. G. E. Murray. 1976. Substructure and in vitro assembly of outer structured layer of Spirillum serpens. J. Bacteriol. 125: 290– 299.
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15. Ferris, F. G.,, R. O. Hallberg,, B. Lyven, and, K. Pedersen. 2000. Retention of strontium, cesium, lead, and uranium by bacterial iron oxides from a subterranean environment. Appl. Geochem. 15: 1035– 1042.
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