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Category: Clinical Microbiology
Fungi Causing Eumycotic Mycetoma*, Page 1 of 2
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Eumycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous, progressive subcutaneous fungal disease characterized by the production of large masses of fungal organisms called grains, which are discharged through sinus tracts. Eumycetoma is more frequently seen in tropical and subtropical regions and less frequently in temperate countries. Several hyaline and dematiaceous fungi can cause eumycetoma, and their distributions are greatly affected by climate, especially rainfall. The identification of these fungal species is not always easy, and in many cases species identification needs experience and access to special laboratory testing such as PCR and DNA sequencing. Unfortunately, these tests are not always available in areas of endemicity. The management of eumycetoma is difficult, and response to antifungal drugs is always poor. In this chapter, fungi frequently reported from eumycetoma cases are described. The taxonomy of some previously reported species is updated, and new species from well-confirmed cases are also described. In this chapter, the available information about the natural habitat of causative agents, pathogenesis, isolation, identification procedures, and antifungal susceptibility data are discussed.
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(Top left) C. lunata. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar showing geniculate conidiogenous cell and septate, curved conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f1
(Top left) C. lunata. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar showing geniculate conidiogenous cell and septate, curved conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f1
(Top right) C. lunata. Geniculate conidiogenous cell bearing smooth, predominantly four-celled conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f2
(Top right) C. lunata. Geniculate conidiogenous cell bearing smooth, predominantly four-celled conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f2
(Middle left) M. romeroi. Ostiolate conidiomata (pycnidia) containing numerous cylindric conidia. Magnification, ×250. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f3
(Middle left) M. romeroi. Ostiolate conidiomata (pycnidia) containing numerous cylindric conidia. Magnification, ×250. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f3
(Middle right) E. jeanselmei. Lateral, septate conidiophore bearing closely annellated conidiogenous cell producing smooth, nonseptate, ellipsoidal to cylindric conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f4
(Middle right) E. jeanselmei. Lateral, septate conidiophore bearing closely annellated conidiogenous cell producing smooth, nonseptate, ellipsoidal to cylindric conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f4
(Bottom left) F. falciforme. Slide culture on SDA showing erect, septate conidiophore, phialidic conidiogenous cell, and slightly curved conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f5
(Bottom left) F. falciforme. Slide culture on SDA showing erect, septate conidiophore, phialidic conidiogenous cell, and slightly curved conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f5
(Bottom right) M. mycetomatis. Slide culture on soil extract agar showing lateral phialides and globose conidia. Magnification, ×250. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f6
(Bottom right) M. mycetomatis. Slide culture on soil extract agar showing lateral phialides and globose conidia. Magnification, ×250. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f6
(Top left) N. rosatii. Cross section of an ascocarp showing the ascomatal wall of interwoven hyphae and containing dark asci and ascospores. Magnification, ×250. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f7
(Top left) N. rosatii. Cross section of an ascocarp showing the ascomatal wall of interwoven hyphae and containing dark asci and ascospores. Magnification, ×250. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f7
(Top right) S. boydii. Globose, nonostiolate, ruptured cleistothecium containing ellipsoid to oblate ascospores. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f8
(Top right) S. boydii. Globose, nonostiolate, ruptured cleistothecium containing ellipsoid to oblate ascospores. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f8
(Bottom left) S. boydii. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar showing lateral, single, egg-shaped to clavate, truncate conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f9
(Bottom left) S. boydii. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar showing lateral, single, egg-shaped to clavate, truncate conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f9
(Bottom right) Graphium synanamorph of S. boydii. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar showing ropelike bundles of hyphae producing cylindric, smooth conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f10
(Bottom right) Graphium synanamorph of S. boydii. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar showing ropelike bundles of hyphae producing cylindric, smooth conidia. Magnification, ×160. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch125.f10
Overview of main species causing eumycotic mycetoma
Overview of main species causing eumycotic mycetoma
Current and outdated names of some of species that cause eumycotic mycetoma
Current and outdated names of some of species that cause eumycotic mycetoma
In vitro susceptibilities of mycetoma-causative fungi
In vitro susceptibilities of mycetoma-causative fungi