Arthropods of Medical Importance

Sam R. Telford

doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148

Chapter 148 : Arthropods of Medical Importance

Author: Sam R. Telford

Content Type: Reference

Publication Year: 2015

Category: Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817381

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch148

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Abstract:

In addition to their roles as vectors of infectious agents, the diverse group of animals that comprise arthropods may indirectly or directly cause injury that requires diagnosis and treatment. Such injuries include itching, dermal necrosis, anaphylaxis, and systemic toxicosis. The ubiquity of arthropods implies that they may be a frequent cause for clinical attention; reducing exposure is often sufficient to prevent or treat disease.

Citation: Telford S. 2015. Arthropods of Medical Importance, p 2505-2525. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch148

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Arthropods of Medical Importance

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FIGURE 1

Phylogeny of arthropods. (Reprinted from reference 55 with permission of Elsevier Publishing.) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f1

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FIGURE 1

Phylogeny of arthropods. (Reprinted from reference 55 with permission of Elsevier Publishing.) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f1

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FIGURE 2

Bedbugs. (Left) Cimex lectularius (bedbug). Bar, 2 mm. (Source: Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health). (Right) Immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction to bedbug bites acquired in a 4-star hotel in Dupont Circle, Washington, DC, in December 2005. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f2

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FIGURE 2

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FIGURE 3

Tungiasis. (A) Low-power section of dermal lesion showing flea uterus filled with developing eggs. (B and C) Demonstration of progressive edema and secondary bacterial infection of Tunga lesion. (Reprinted from reference 56 .) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f3

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FIGURE 3

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FIGURE 4

Lice. (A) Head louse nits; (B) body louse; (C) pubic louse; (D) vagabond’s disease. (Source: Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health). doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f4

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FIGURE 4

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FIGURE 5

Tick hypostome, showing recurved denticles. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f5

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FIGURE 5

Tick hypostome, showing recurved denticles. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f5

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FIGURE 6

Key to major tick genera in the United States. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f6

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FIGURE 6

Key to major tick genera in the United States. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f6

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FIGURE 7

Scabies. Diagram of feeding lesion and adult female mite. Chronic scabies affecting the hands. (Reprinted from reference 56 .) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f7

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FIGURE 7

Scabies. Diagram of feeding lesion and adult female mite. Chronic scabies affecting the hands. (Reprinted from reference 56 .) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f7

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FIGURE 8

Myiasis. Key characters of some myiasis-producing fly larvae. Row 1, mature larva of a muscoid fly. (Source: R. Hegner et al., Appleton Century Inc., New York, NY, 1938.) Row 2, larva of Eristalis tenax, the rat-tailed maggot; Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly (with an enlarged view of a posterior spiracle); and Fannia scalaris, the latrine fly. Rows 3 and 4, appearance of posterior spiracles of some species that produce accidental, facultative, or obligatory myiasis. (Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f8

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FIGURE 8

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FIGURE 9

Gradual engorgement of feeding ixodid ticks. (Left) Four-day feeding sequence of nymphal Ixodes ricinus. (Reprinted from reference 57 , with permission from Elsevier.) (Right) Scutal index of engorgement for Ixodes dammini. (Reprinted from reference 50 with permission of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.) doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch148.f9

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FIGURE 9

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Tables

Arthropods of Medical Importance

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TABLE 1

Summary of the major arthropod genera serving as vectors or scalars of infectious agents

TABLE 1

Summary of the major arthropod genera serving as vectors or scalars of infectious agents

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TABLE 2

Likely human-biting ticks and possible tick-borne infections by global region

TABLE 2

Likely human-biting ticks and possible tick-borne infections by global region

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TABLE 3

Key to the common arthropod classes, subclasses, and orders of medical importance, adult stages only a

TABLE 3

Key to the common arthropod classes, subclasses, and orders of medical importance, adult stages only a