Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, andAcidovorax

John J. Lipuma; Bart J. Currie; Sharon J. Peacock; Peter A. R. Vandamme

doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch43

Chapter 43 : Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, and Acidovorax

Authors: John J. Lipuma, Bart J. Currie, Sharon J. Peacock, Peter A. R. Vandamme

Content Type: Reference

Publication Year: 2015

Category: Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817381

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch43

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Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, and Acidovorax, Page 1 of 2

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Abstract:

Species in the genera Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, and Acidovorax are unusual human pathogens that are infrequently encountered in the clinical microbiology laboratory. However, the incidence of human infection due to some of these species has increased in recent years. Further, the taxonomy of these genera has been expanded, with several new species being described. Burkholderia gladioli and members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are important opportunistic pathogens in persons with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease, while Burkholderia pseudomallei causes significant human infection in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important nosocomial pathogen and, together with certain Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, and Pandoraea species, is also encountered in respiratory specimens from persons with cystic fibrosis. Historically, commercial phenotypic identification systems have performed rather poorly in identifying many of these species. Genetic-based identification methods have provided alternatives to traditional phenotypic analyses. More recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry has shown excellent potential for reliable identification, which should continue to improve as libraries of reference spectra expand. A variety of genotyping systems provide for reliable strain typing of most of these species and have enabled a greater appreciation of the epidemiology and natural history of human infection. This group of species is also characterized by limited susceptibility to many currently available antimicrobials. Treatment of human infection is often empiric and relies on combined antimicrobial therapy.

Citation: Lipuma J, Currie B, Peacock S, Vandamme P. 2015. Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, and Acidovorax, p 791-812. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch43

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Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, andAcidovorax

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/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch43.ch43.fig001

FIGURE 1

(a) Gram stain of B. pseudomallei in a blood culture; (b) Gram stain of B. pseudomallei from a colony on blood agar. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch43.f1

10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch43.f1_thmb.gif

10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch43.f1.gif

FIGURE 1

(a) Gram stain of B. pseudomallei in a blood culture; (b) Gram stain of B. pseudomallei from a colony on blood agar. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch43.f1

/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch43.ch43.fig002

FIGURE 2

(a) B. pseudomallei colonies on MacConkey agar; (b) B. pseudomallei colonies on blood agar; (c) B. pseudomallei colonies on Ashdown medium agar. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch43.f2

10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch43.f2_thmb.gif

10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch43.f2.gif

FIGURE 2

(a) B. pseudomallei colonies on MacConkey agar; (b) B. pseudomallei colonies on blood agar; (c) B. pseudomallei colonies on Ashdown medium agar. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch43.f2

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Tables

Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Ralstonia, Cupriavidus, Pandoraea, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, Delftia, andAcidovorax

/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch43.ch43.tab001

TABLE 1

Characteristics of the B. cepacia complex, B. gladioli, and Pandoraea spp. a

TABLE 1

Characteristics of the B. cepacia complex, B. gladioli, and Pandoraea spp. a

/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch43.ch43.tab002

TABLE 2

Characteristics of B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and B. thailandensis a

TABLE 2

Characteristics of B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, and B. thailandensis a

/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch43.ch43.tab003

TABLE 3

Characteristics of Ralstonia and Cupriavidus spp. a

TABLE 3

Characteristics of Ralstonia and Cupriavidus spp. a

/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch43.ch43.tab004

TABLE 4

Characteristics of Acidovorax, Brevundimonas, Delftia, Comamonas, and Stenotrophomonas spp. found in clinical specimens a

TABLE 4

Characteristics of Acidovorax, Brevundimonas, Delftia, Comamonas, and Stenotrophomonas spp. found in clinical specimens a