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Chapter 54 : *

Authors: Eija KÖnÖnen, Georg Conrads, Elisabeth Nagy
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2015

Category: Clinical Microbiology

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Abstract:

Obligately anaerobic, Gram-negative rods of clinical relevance belong mainly to the phyla and . Anaerobes are detected typically in polymicrobial infections associated with mucosal surfaces close to the site where they reside; e.g., members of the group are often involved in intra-abdominal infections, with considerable morbidity and mortality. When Gram-negative anaerobes gain entrance to the bloodstream and trigger a systemic inflammatory response, this may result in sepsis or infective endocarditis, with a fatal outcome. Knowledge abou

t the resident microbiota and awareness of their role in disease permit clinicians to anticipate the likely infecting species at different body sites. Considering the current reports of considerable frequencies of anaerobic bacteremia and fusobacterial infections, especially -associated invasive diseases, and increasing rates of resistance of spp. to various antimicrobials, training for anaerobic techniques and introduction of advanced methods for the detection and precise identification of anaerobes are needed in clinical microbiology laboratories. New methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, are increasingly used, but novel Gram-negative anaerobes are rather poorly integrated into the databases. Also, most laboratories neither perform the accurate species-level identification of the isolated organism nor test the susceptibilities of anaerobic isolates. Without knowledge of the local susceptibility patterns, the choice of proper antimicrobial therapy can be hampered and make the treatment outcome of anaerobic infections less predictable.

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
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Tables

Bacteroides,Porphyromonas,Prevotella,Fusobacterium,and Other Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods*
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Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab001
TABLE 1

Recently classified or reclassified genera and species (from 2010 onwards) of non-spore-forming anaerobic Gram-negative rods isolated from humans

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TABLE 1

Recently classified or reclassified genera and species (from 2010 onwards) of non-spore-forming anaerobic Gram-negative rods isolated from humans

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab002
TABLE 2

Characteristics of genera representing Gram-negative anaerobic rods frequently isolated from clinical specimens

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TABLE 2

Characteristics of genera representing Gram-negative anaerobic rods frequently isolated from clinical specimens

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab002b

Generic image for table

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab003
TABLE 3

Common genera of anaerobic Gram-negative rods detected in human infections

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TABLE 3

Common genera of anaerobic Gram-negative rods detected in human infections

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab004
TABLE 4

Identification scheme for group, , and organisms isolated from humans

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TABLE 4

Identification scheme for group, , and organisms isolated from humans

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab005
TABLE 5

Some phenotypic characteristics of species of human origin

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TABLE 5

Some phenotypic characteristics of species of human origin

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab006
TABLE 6

Biochemical identification scheme for species

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TABLE 6

Biochemical identification scheme for species

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab007
TABLE 7

Some phenotypic characteristics of species

Generic image for table
TABLE 7

Some phenotypic characteristics of species

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab008
TABLE 8

Some phenotypic characteristics of and species

Generic image for table
TABLE 8

Some phenotypic characteristics of and species

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab009
TABLE 9

Biochemical identification of motile Gram-negative anaerobic rods

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TABLE 9

Biochemical identification of motile Gram-negative anaerobic rods

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54
/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch54.ch54.tab010
TABLE 10

Antimicrobial activities of potential agents against common Gram-negative anaerobes

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TABLE 10

Antimicrobial activities of potential agents against common Gram-negative anaerobes

Citation: KÖnÖnen E, Conrads G, Nagy E. 2015. *, p 967-993. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch54

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