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Category: Clinical Microbiology
Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus*, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch86-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch86-2.gifAbstract:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are recognized as the most serious causes of severe acute lower respiratory tract illnesses in young children and infants. Rapid and accurate detection and characterization of RSV is important in the clinical management of individual patients because of the availability of specific antiviral drugs. Early detection of RSV and HMPV infections is also necessary for cohorting of infected patients to prevent nosocomial spread. Tube and shell viral cultures remain the gold standard for RSV and HMPV detection, but they are time consuming and require attention to transport and prompt inoculation. Quite a few of rapid viral antigen tests are commercially available, which yield results within 1 hour after specimen collection. However, their sensitivity is limited and negative results usually require a more sensitive back-up test such as a molecular assay or culture. With the increased number of multiplexed molecular Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved assays, simultaneous detection and identification of common viral pathogens is becoming the main tool for detection and identification of RSV and MPHV.
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Tomography of A2 HRSV virions. Virion morphology ranges from completely filamentous (A) to completely spherical (C) with intermediate forms (B and D) that have some tubularly curved parts but are otherwise spherically curved. Spherical particles are highly deformable when in the proximity of other particles and the membrane proximal to the neighboring particle is free of glycoprotein spikes (E). (F) Virions in panels A through E are illustrated schematically in alphabetical order. Black arrows: side views of the RNP; white arrows: top views of the RNP; green arrows: secondary density layer under the membrane in a spherical particle (bar, 100 nm). Tomographic slices are 3.8 nm thick. Reprinted from reference 9 with permission. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f1
Tomography of A2 HRSV virions. Virion morphology ranges from completely filamentous (A) to completely spherical (C) with intermediate forms (B and D) that have some tubularly curved parts but are otherwise spherically curved. Spherical particles are highly deformable when in the proximity of other particles and the membrane proximal to the neighboring particle is free of glycoprotein spikes (E). (F) Virions in panels A through E are illustrated schematically in alphabetical order. Black arrows: side views of the RNP; white arrows: top views of the RNP; green arrows: secondary density layer under the membrane in a spherical particle (bar, 100 nm). Tomographic slices are 3.8 nm thick. Reprinted from reference 9 with permission. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f1
Distribution of RSV peak month by geographic zone (n = 96 locations). The black histogram represents observations while the red curve illustrates the fit of a Gaussian density kernel. Reprinted from reference 20 with permission. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f2
Distribution of RSV peak month by geographic zone (n = 96 locations). The black histogram represents observations while the red curve illustrates the fit of a Gaussian density kernel. Reprinted from reference 20 with permission. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f2
Microscopic detection of RSV and hMPV. (A) RSV-infected HEp-2 cells have fused, forming large syncytia. (B) Direct immunofluorescence of RSV on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. (C) Indirect immunofluorescence of HMPV-infected LLC-MK2 centrifugation culture stained with monoclonal antibody MAb-8 ( 142 ). Images courtesy of http://www.virology.org/hpphoto3.html (A) and David Ferguson and Marie Landry (B and C). doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f3
Microscopic detection of RSV and hMPV. (A) RSV-infected HEp-2 cells have fused, forming large syncytia. (B) Direct immunofluorescence of RSV on a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. (C) Indirect immunofluorescence of HMPV-infected LLC-MK2 centrifugation culture stained with monoclonal antibody MAb-8 ( 142 ). Images courtesy of http://www.virology.org/hpphoto3.html (A) and David Ferguson and Marie Landry (B and C). doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f3
Seasonal distribution of HMPV infections. HMPV-positive specimens by week in Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 2003 through 2009. Reprinted from reference 123 with permission. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f4
Seasonal distribution of HMPV infections. HMPV-positive specimens by week in Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center from 2003 through 2009. Reprinted from reference 123 with permission. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch86.f4
Commercial RSV and hMPV DFA reagents and their performance
Commercial RSV and hMPV DFA reagents and their performance
Main commercially available RSV rapid antigen products and their performance characteristics
Main commercially available RSV rapid antigen products and their performance characteristics
Commercial NAATs for detection and identification of RSV and hMPV a
Commercial NAATs for detection and identification of RSV and hMPV a