Gastroenteritis Viruses*

Xiaoli Pang; Richard L. Hodinka

doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch93

Chapter 93 : Gastroenteritis Viruses*

Authors: Xiaoli Pang, Richard L. Hodinka

Content Type: Reference

Publication Year: 2015

Category: Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817381

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch93

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Abstract:

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most common illnesses in humans resulting in a substantial burden to public health worldwide. Severe disease leading to hospitalizations, increased morbidity, and even death is observed among infants, children, elderly, and immunocompromised persons. Viruses are the predominant cause of gastroenteritis and include rotaviruses, noroviruses, sapoviruses, astroviruses, and adenovirus types 40 and 41. Laboratory testing is required for a reliable diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis, since the specific etiology of disease can be difficult to distinguish on the basis of clinical features alone. Recent advances in technology have resulted in the development of newer diagnostic assays that offer great promise for accurate detection of gastrointestinal viral infections. This chapter emphasizes the fundamental characteristics and clinical importance of viruses that cause gastroenteritis and highlights the laboratory methods that can be used to make a rapid and definitive diagnosis for the greatest impact on the care and management of ill patients and the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections and community outbreaks due to enteric viruses.

Citation: Pang X, Hodinka R. 2015. Gastroenteritis Viruses*, p 1617-1632. In Jorgensen J, Pfaller M, Carroll K, Funke G, Landry M, Richter S, Warnock D (ed), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Eleventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817381.ch93

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Gastroenteritis Viruses*

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/content/10.1128/9781555817381.mcm11.ch93.ch93.fig001

FIGURE 1

Electron micrographs of the major gastroenteritis viruses. (A) rotavirus, (B) noroviruses, (C) sapovirus, (D) astrovirus, (E) adenoviruses. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch93.f1

10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch93.f1_thmb.gif

10.1128/9781555817381/9781555817381.ch93.f1.gif

FIGURE 1

Electron micrographs of the major gastroenteritis viruses. (A) rotavirus, (B) noroviruses, (C) sapovirus, (D) astrovirus, (E) adenoviruses. doi:10.1128/9781555817381.ch93.f1

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Tables

Gastroenteritis Viruses*

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TABLE 1

Taxonomy and virologic properties of the major gastroenteritis viruses a

TABLE 1

Taxonomy and virologic properties of the major gastroenteritis viruses a

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TABLE 2

Transmission and epidemiology of the major gastroenteritis viruses

TABLE 2

Transmission and epidemiology of the major gastroenteritis viruses

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TABLE 3

Selected clinical features of the major gastroenteritis viruses

TABLE 3

Selected clinical features of the major gastroenteritis viruses

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TABLE 4

Selected commercial antigen-detection tests available for diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis

TABLE 4

Selected commercial antigen-detection tests available for diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis

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TABLE 5

Selected molecular assays for detection of the major viruses known to cause gastroenteritis

TABLE 5

Selected molecular assays for detection of the major viruses known to cause gastroenteritis