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Chapter 16.12 : Q Fever—

Editor: Lynne S. Garcia1
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Affiliations: 1: LSG & Associates, Santa Monica, California
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2010

Category: Clinical Microbiology

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Q Fever—, Page 1 of 2

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Abstract:

is the etiologic agent of Q fever. It is a pleomorphic coccobacillus that is gram negative, obligately intracellular, and 0.3 to 0.7 µm long. There is a spore-like form, the small cell variant, which is remarkably stable in extracellular environments. A large cell variant also exists that is the vegetative, metabolically active form. Mixtures of both forms are found in phagolysosomes. There is phase variation, similar to that in in which the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) varies chemically as either the virulent, phase I “smooth”-type LPS or the phase II “rough” LPS, associated with avirulent is phylogenetically related to and within the group of the c- subdivision. It is more distantly related to ( ).

Citation: Garcia L. 2010. Q Fever—, p 803-807. In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817435.ch16.12
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Figures

Q Fever—Coxiella burnetii
Citation: Garcia L. 2010. Q Fever—, p 803-807. In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817435.ch16.12
/content/10.1128/9781555817435.chap16.12.fig16.12-1
Figure 16.12-1

Fibroblast L929 line infected with . (Courtesy of Didier Raoult.)

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Figure 16.12-1

Fibroblast L929 line infected with . (Courtesy of Didier Raoult.)

Citation: Garcia L. 2010. Q Fever—, p 803-807. In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817435.ch16.12
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References

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1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Q fever: California, Georgia, Pennsylvania and Tennessee, 2000-2001. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 51: 924– 927.
2. D’Angelo, I. J.,, L. J. Baker,, and E. F. Schlosser. 1979. Q fever in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 139: 613– 615.
3. Daya, M.,, and Y. Nakamura. 2005. Pulmonary disease from biological agents: anthrax, plague, Q fever, and tularemia. Crit. Care Clin. 21: 747– 763.
4. Fournier, P.-E.,, T. G. Marrie,, and D. Raoult. 1998. Diagnosis of Q fever. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1823– 1834.
5. Gouriet, F.,, F. Fenollar,, J.-Y. Patrice,, M. Drancourt,, and D. Raoult. 2005. Use of shell-vial cell culture assay for isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens: 13 years of experience. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4993– 5002.
6. Hall, C. J.,, S. J. Richmond,, E. O. Caul,, N. H. Pearce,, and I. A. Silver. 1982. Laboratory outbreak of Q fever acquired from sheep. Lancet i: 1004– l006.
7. Heinzen, R. H., 1997. Intracellular development of Coxiella burnetii, p. 99– 130. In B. Anderson,, H. Friedman,, and M. Bendinelli (ed.), Rickettsial Infection and Immunity. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
8. Kim, S. G.,, E. H. Kim,, C. J. Lafferty,, and E. Dubovi. 2005. Coxiella burnetii in bulk tank milk samples, United States. J. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 619– 620.
9. Klee, S. R.,, J. Tyczka,, H. Ellerbrok,, T. Franz,, S. Linke,, G. Balijer,, and B. Appel. 2006. Highly sensitive real-time PCR for specific detection and quantification of Coxiella burnetii. BMC Microbiol. 6: 2.
10. Madariaga, M. G.,, K. Rezai,, G. T. Trenholme,, and R. A. Weinstein. 2003. Q fever: a biological weapon in your backyard. Lancet Infect. Dis. 3: 709– 721.
11. Maurin, M.,, and D. Raoult. 1999. Q fever. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12: 518– 553.
12. McQuiston, J. H.,, J. E. Childs,, and H. A. Thompson. 2002. Q fever. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 221: 796– 799.
13. Raoult, D.,, T. Marrie,, and J. Mege. Natural history and pathophysiology of Q fever. Lancet Infect. Dis. 5: 219– 226.
14. Raoult, D.,, J.-L. Mege,, and T. Marrie,. 2001. Q fever: queries remaining after decades of research, p. 29– 56. In W. M. Scheld,, W. A. Craig,, and J. M. Hughes (ed.), Emerging Infections 5. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
15. Rolain, J.-M.,, D. Raoult,, B. P. Marmion,, R. J. Harris,, P. Storm,, and J. G. Ayres. 2005. Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in blood and sera during Q fever. QJM 98: 615– 620.
16. Sessa, C. 2005. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and Coxiella burnetii infection: report of three cases and review of the literature. J. Vasc. Surg. 42: 153– 158.
17. Setiyono, A.,, M. Ogawa,, Y. Cai,, S. Shiga,, T. Kishimoto,, and I. Kurane. 2005. New criteria for immunofluorescence assay for Q fever diagnosis in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 5555– 5559.
18. Slabá, K.,, L. Skultéty,, and R. Toman. 2005. Efficiency of various serological techniques for diagnosing Coxiella burnetii infection. Acta Virol. 49: 123– 127.
19. Tissot-Dupont, H.,, D. Raoult,, P. Brouqui,, F. Janbon,, D. Peyramond,, P. J. Weiller,, C. Chicheportiche,, M. Nezri,, and R. Poirier. 1992. Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients— 323 French cases. Am. J. Med. 93: 427– 434.

Tables

Q Fever—Coxiella burnetii
Citation: Garcia L. 2010. Q Fever—, p 803-807. In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817435.ch16.12
/content/10.1128/9781555817435.chap16.12.tab16.12-1
Table 16.12-1

Typical Q fever diagnostic titers with indirect immunofluorescence ( )

Fourfold rise in antibody titer between acute- and convalescent-phase samples is the strongest predictor of acute Q fever.

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Generic image for table
Table 16.12-1

Typical Q fever diagnostic titers with indirect immunofluorescence ( )

Fourfold rise in antibody titer between acute- and convalescent-phase samples is the strongest predictor of acute Q fever.

Citation: Garcia L. 2010. Q Fever—, p 803-807. In Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817435.ch16.12

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