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Chapter 17 : Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms

Authors: Nicolas Barraud1, Staffan Kjelleberg2, Scott A. Rice4
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Affiliations: 1: Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; 2: Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; 3: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798; 4: Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; 5: Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2015

Category: Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

For all organisms the ability to spread and colonize new habitats is crucial to ensure species continuity and prevent extinction ( ). In sessile organisms this constraint has led to the evolution of a motile, dispersal phase in their life cycle, which in plants and corals involves the release of differentiated and often phenotypically diverse seeds or propagules. Similarly, sessile microbial biofilms have developed mechanisms to release differentiated, highly motile dispersal cells into the bulk liquid.

Citation: Barraud N, Kjelleberg S, Rice S. 2015. Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms, p 343-362. In Ghannoum M, Parsek M, Whiteley M, Mukherjee P (ed), Microbial Biofilms, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0015-2014
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Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms
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Citation: Barraud N, Kjelleberg S, Rice S. 2015. Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms, p 343-362. In Ghannoum M, Parsek M, Whiteley M, Mukherjee P (ed), Microbial Biofilms, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0015-2014
/content/10.1128/9781555817466.chap17.fig17-1
Figure 1
Microscopic images of biofilm microcolonies during seeding dispersal. (A-B) Motile cells appear in mature biofilm microcolonies. (A) Single frame of a mature microcolony. (B) Picture showing the average of 30 frames captured over a 1-second period. The highly motile cells “average” out and appear blurred in the center of the microcolony, demonstrating the extent of the motile region (white arrow in panels A and B). The sessile “wall” region is indicated by the black arrows in panel A (taken from reference , with permission from the publisher). (C) Live/dead staining of a 7-day-old biofilm reveals patterns of cell death inside biofilm structures that occur simultaneously with biofilm dispersal, as indicated by the formation of hollow biofilm structures. Live cells are green and dead cells are red (adapted from reference , copyright © American Society for Microbiology). (D) XZ cross-view of the biofilm in panel C (XY view) at the location indicated by the white line.
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10.1128/9781555817466/fig17-1.gif
Image of Figure 1
Figure 1

Microscopic images of biofilm microcolonies during seeding dispersal. (A-B) Motile cells appear in mature biofilm microcolonies. (A) Single frame of a mature microcolony. (B) Picture showing the average of 30 frames captured over a 1-second period. The highly motile cells “average” out and appear blurred in the center of the microcolony, demonstrating the extent of the motile region (white arrow in panels A and B). The sessile “wall” region is indicated by the black arrows in panel A (taken from reference , with permission from the publisher). (C) Live/dead staining of a 7-day-old biofilm reveals patterns of cell death inside biofilm structures that occur simultaneously with biofilm dispersal, as indicated by the formation of hollow biofilm structures. Live cells are green and dead cells are red (adapted from reference , copyright © American Society for Microbiology). (D) XZ cross-view of the biofilm in panel C (XY view) at the location indicated by the white line.

Citation: Barraud N, Kjelleberg S, Rice S. 2015. Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms, p 343-362. In Ghannoum M, Parsek M, Whiteley M, Mukherjee P (ed), Microbial Biofilms, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0015-2014
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Figure 2
Effectors of biofilm dispersal. Bacteria within the center of microcolonies induce a number of mechanisms to degrade and solubilize the biofilm EPS matrix and extracellular appendages such as fimbriae that immobilize cells. When the interior of the microcolony becomes fluid, cells begin to show signs of motility, and a breach is made in the microcolony wall through which dispersal cells are released.
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10.1128/9781555817466/fig17-2.gif
Image of Figure 2
Figure 2

Effectors of biofilm dispersal. Bacteria within the center of microcolonies induce a number of mechanisms to degrade and solubilize the biofilm EPS matrix and extracellular appendages such as fimbriae that immobilize cells. When the interior of the microcolony becomes fluid, cells begin to show signs of motility, and a breach is made in the microcolony wall through which dispersal cells are released.

Citation: Barraud N, Kjelleberg S, Rice S. 2015. Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms, p 343-362. In Ghannoum M, Parsek M, Whiteley M, Mukherjee P (ed), Microbial Biofilms, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0015-2014
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Figure 3
Physiological traits of planktonic, biofilm, and dispersal cells. Symbols are defined in Figure 2 .
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Image of Figure 3
Figure 3

Physiological traits of planktonic, biofilm, and dispersal cells. Symbols are defined in Figure 2 .

Citation: Barraud N, Kjelleberg S, Rice S. 2015. Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms, p 343-362. In Ghannoum M, Parsek M, Whiteley M, Mukherjee P (ed), Microbial Biofilms, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0015-2014
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Figure 4
A range of strategies targeting dispersal have been developed to control biofilms and biofilm-related infections. (a) BdcA protein with enhanced c-di-GMP binding ( ). (b) Oroidin and synthetic derivatives that were identified as potent dispersal inducers after screening chemical libraries ( ). (c) Diffusible fatty acid signal cis-2-decenoic acid ( ). (d) Furanone 30, a synthetic QS inhibitor derived from natural furanone compounds isolated from the red alga ( ). (e) Fimbrolide-nitroester with dual action QS inhibition and NO release ( ). (f) β-lactam-NO prodrugs for the targeted delivery of NO to infectious biofilms ( ). (g) Controlled delivery of NO using nanoparticles ( ). (h) Catalytic generation of NO from endogenous nitrite sources to disperse and prevent biofilm for long-term applications ( ).
10.1128/9781555817466/fig17-4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817466/fig17-4.gif
Image of Figure 4
Figure 4

A range of strategies targeting dispersal have been developed to control biofilms and biofilm-related infections. (a) BdcA protein with enhanced c-di-GMP binding ( ). (b) Oroidin and synthetic derivatives that were identified as potent dispersal inducers after screening chemical libraries ( ). (c) Diffusible fatty acid signal cis-2-decenoic acid ( ). (d) Furanone 30, a synthetic QS inhibitor derived from natural furanone compounds isolated from the red alga ( ). (e) Fimbrolide-nitroester with dual action QS inhibition and NO release ( ). (f) β-lactam-NO prodrugs for the targeted delivery of NO to infectious biofilms ( ). (g) Controlled delivery of NO using nanoparticles ( ). (h) Catalytic generation of NO from endogenous nitrite sources to disperse and prevent biofilm for long-term applications ( ).

Citation: Barraud N, Kjelleberg S, Rice S. 2015. Dispersal from Microbial Biofilms, p 343-362. In Ghannoum M, Parsek M, Whiteley M, Mukherjee P (ed), Microbial Biofilms, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0015-2014
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